I Believe Michael s Compulsive Hand Washing - 977 Words

1. I believe Michael s behaviors which were more disturbing were the classroom temper tantrums, the compulsive hand-washing from a fear of contracting AIDS, his symptoms of depression, and his recent violence towards his sister. Classroom temper tantrums are a sign of behavioral problems, as children are taught to behave in public settings such as school. The fear of contracting AIDS leading to Michael s compulsive hand-washing can also be considered disturbing as it could be a sign of early on-set OCD. OCD stems from anxiety disorders, and for Michael to be developing anxiety-driven behaviors so early on does signify that Michael may be displaying mental illness early on. According to Hunter (2015c), boys are more likely than girls to develop childhood disorders. Michael s compulsive hand-washing definitely could be considered disturbing as it could lead to future OCD. Lastly, I believe that Michael crying in his room, as well as his feelings of loneliness are also disturbing as the y can be considered symptoms of early depression. His violence towards his sister I would normally be less leery about if he had regular fights with his sister for a long time, but as slapping her is a recent development, then it can be concluded to also be a disturbing behavioral problem. To Mr. and Mrs. Rappoport, I think that they believe Michael s most disturbing behaviors were the temper tantrums at home and school, and his recent tendency to slap his younger sister. Michael s parentsShow MoreRelated Morrisons Bluest Eye Essay: The American Way1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Way  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Ownership, class structures, and consumerism go hand in hand. Morrison illustrates this throughout the novel and in the characters identities. Many of the characters identify themselves based on material possessions: the simple ownership of a car, the use of consumer products, and property ownership. Although African Americans may take these things for granted now, in the early 1900s this would be considered a major accomplishment. There is an apparent contradictionRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )3065 Words   |  13 Pages Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Within the Cognitive Theory model Kyle Wianecki Texas Tech University â€Æ' Abstract Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD) within the Cognitive Theory (CT) model in the realm of explaining the causes of OCD. We identify what this disorder is, and touch on its history. In relation to CT we look at the different sections of CT: Exaggerated responsibility, importance of thoughts, exaggerations of threats, and perfectionism. Following this we look at the treatmentRead MoreVideo Game Addiction And Its Effects On Children And Teens Essay2256 Words   |  10 Pagesconsideration when designing a game. The most easily noticeable element drawing a player s attention is the high score. Players often spend hours trying to beat the high score. Another intriguing aspect of gaming is MMORPG, otherwise known as role-playing games. This game mode â€Å"allow[s] players to do more than just play - they get to actually create the characters in the game and embark on an adventure that s somewhat unique to that character. Therefore, there’s an emotional attachment to the character Read MoreFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pagesoccurred within the educated strata of Western capitalist nations. In the United States as elsewhere, the bourgeois ethos had enjoined perpetual work, compulsive saving, civic responsibility, and a rigid morality of selfdenial. By the early twentieth century that outlook had begun to give way to a new set of values sanctioning periodic leisure, compulsive spending, apolitical passivity, and an apparently permissive (but subtly coercive) morality of individual fulfillment. The older culture was suitedRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagespreparing for the Marketing Planning paper in the CIM’s Diploma examinations âž ¡ Marketing practitioners who will benefit from a comprehensive review of current thinking in the field of strategic marketing planning, implementation and control. Richard M S Wilson Colin Gilligan Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction Stage One Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 4 MarketRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

The Fantastic Field Of Forensic Psychology - 1327 Words

Kaylin Mize Mrs. Lozares Honors English II 15 February 2017 The Fantastic Field of Forensic Psychology 1 Forensic psychology is a developing science that is quickly being utilized in many industries. It is a very difficult choice of career, but perhaps that’s why I am so attracted to it. I’ve always been curious about the mind. I am not interested in so much as to the physical makeup of the brain such like a neurologist. I am more attracted to the chemical imbalances that can make someone develop a mental illness or commit a dangerous act. Growing up I’ve always watched shows and documentaries about criminals and those who are not what you called â€Å"completely there†. What makes a person commit a murder, what past experiences had affected†¦show more content†¦3 They can be employed in federal governments, such as Health and Human Services, Justice, and Veterans Affairs. More commonly however, they are employed in state government offices. Some examples are Departments of Human Services, Departments of M ental Services, and Departments of Justice (whatcanidowiththismajor.com). 7 Work hours for both regular and forensic psychologist can differ immensely. Psychologists in private practice often set their own hours, and many work part time as independent consultants. They may work evenings or weekends to accommodate clients. Those employed in hospitals or other healthcare facilities may also have evening or weekend shifts. Most psychologists in clinics, government, industry, or schools work full-time schedules during regular business hours. I feel like I would be fine with the hectic schedule of this job and manage it well. 4 According to the University of Central Oklahoma Graduate Catalog, a student studying in the field of forensic psychology must have forty-eight hours total to be able graduate. 5 I plan on going to UCO for their forensic psychology programs. To complete the course of study and graduate, I would have to take six required psychology courses. I would also need to tak e additional required forensic courses, of which there are eight. Finally I would also have to take a few electives to add in my remaining required hours. Some examples of the electives are bloodstain pattern analysis, crime sceneShow MoreRelatedDr. Huang From The Tv Series Law Order1271 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects of his job. This paper will also focus on a couple other factors of the show such as, running blood or fingerprints, and how they may or may not be handled the same way in real life. Dr. Huang is a Forensic Psychiatrist as well as a FBI special agent. This paper will focus on the Forensic Psychiatrist/ Psychologist part of Dr. Huang’s job. This paper will talk about how Dr. Huang handles victims and co-workers with each criminal profiling and how it relates to real life.  WouldnRead MoreArticle And Supporting Literature : The Clinical Assessment And Clinical Judgment1271 Words   |  6 Pagesreliable. The authors presented a study that when psychologists are asked to predict violence and dangerousness as an individual it is less reliable, and if they work as a group the results seem to be more valid. It also depends on the psychologists’ field of study or what they specialize in. â€Å"It is believed that greater accuracy in violence risk assessments may be achieved in group decisions made with high levels of agreement† (Murray, J Thomson, M 2010). Just from my personal opinion, I believeRead MoreHistory of Transgender9448 Words   |  38 Pagesa one-gender system to a two-gender system, and on to ‘third sex’ categories. 3 Some specifics of gender transitions. 5 Part I: Sexology begins. Transgender Identities before the 19th century 7 The early 19th century: Enters forensic psychiatry 7 The late nineteenth century: Inverts turn to Experts. Enters sexology and the empirical case history. 8 Part II: Early 20th century The rise of Psychoanalysis and its denial of transgender identities Developments in MedicalRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pageseven be managed along process lines. Process management has come a long way since then, and no one has played a greater role in its development than Michael Hammer. â€Å"The Process Audit, Hammer’s article in this † issue, is a major advance in the ï ¬ eld. For the last ï ¬ ve years, Hammer has been working with a consortium of companies to develop a framework for creating and sustaining high-performance processes. How, the group asked, can process management move beyond experimentation, anecdote, and lessons

The House I Live By Eugene Jarecki s The New Jim Crow

Many Americans live with the idea that the days of racism are far behind us; however, the film The House I Live In, directed by Eugene Jarecki s, and the book The New Jim Crow, by Michelle Alexander, state otherwise. Although the United States holds five percent of the world’s population, it is responsible for a fourth of the world’s prisoners. More than the majority of these prisoners are of color. (Jarecki 2012; Alexander 2012, 189) Therefore, the statistics contradict the U.S.’s long-held ideal of freedom and equality. This large prisoner population has been a consequence of the War on Drugs—a war that has not only locked up millions of African Americans but also given them a permanent second-class status. Both the video and the book†¦show more content†¦He mentions that during his childhood, his family moved to the north so that his father could get a better paying job. As a result, Jarecki’s mother offered Nannie a raise if she migrate d with the family. Out of a need to give her family a better future, Nannie left her children without a maternal figure and took the job. Nannie, who is interviewed in the film, expands on this, and talks about the consequences her family dealt with after she took the job. With no guidance at home, Nannie’s own son lost his life to drugs. Eugene, the privileged boy, talks about not having any knowledge of this, he just remembers Nannie always being there and working for the family. (Jarecki 2012) History: Alexander summarizes her interpretation of the period when a number of black individuals were elected into government offices with the phrase â€Å"black faces in high places.† By this she means that although black individuals were elected, this development actually obscured the problem rather than remedied it. Alexander writes that in 1974, 64 percent of new federal employees came from minority backgrounds. These changes helped a relatively small group of African American households, and left the rest behind. On account of these changes, the idea that hard work was the way blacks could overcome institutional challenges was born. By masking the government’s responsibility to help all African American households, colorblindness led the public to believe the country

The Debate on Selling Organs - 780 Words

The debate on selling Organs Patients on a waiting list for organ transplant live under tremendous emotional stress, physical limitations, continuous medical care, and in some cases, under daily medical attention. Family members and close friend are also affected by watching their love one day-after-day live with limitations and medical needs that a simple pill can’t fix. Furthermore, the financial medical hardship creates even more unwanted stress. So it’s easy to see why family members would be advocates for legalizing the sale of an organ. I too can see why those family members would feel and agree to ideal of buying an organ from an individual who is willing to sell. However, I also understand the government’s ethical and moral†¦show more content†¦(After all, we permit people to take life-threatening risks for money in other contexts, i.e. choosing employment.) Finally, they argue that free markets are inherently good, promoting the freedom of individuals and any limits are arb itrary. Can the sale of organs be regulated and look after itself? If so, it is a perfect market but the truth of the matter is the complexities makes it almost unreachable, It’s good to know that there are some things that are shared not by dollars and cents, but by love. So should we not continue to ban the selling of body parts commercially? Works Cited: MacKay, Joanna. â€Å"Organ Sales Will Save Lives†. The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings and Handbook. Year of publication 2010 Pages 92 – 97. â€Å"Organ Selling† Issues amp; controversies on file: n. pag. Issues amp; Controversies. Facts on File News Services, 27 JulyShow MoreRelatedLegalizing the Sale of Human Organs1071 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing the sale of human organs has become a very controversial topic in the last few decades. Transplant surgeries were becoming relatively safe to preform, which lead the transplant list to grow rapidly. The debate on how to increment the number of organs available for transplant commenced. Currently organ donations were solely dependent upon cadaveric donors and family members. This shortage has engendered an ebony market for organs sales. People are peregrinating across the country to haveRead MoreSale of Human Organ1112 Words   |  5 Pageson the waiting list for organs transplant, dies each year before they obtain an organ (Bates, 2011). While this number tends to rocket in not only England but also worldwide range, almost all the government still keep passing numerous policies to restrict the supply of transplant organs. Typically, they have long prohibited trafficking hu man organs regardless of proposals for reform. As a further work on this issue, the article â€Å"Sales of Kidneys Prompt New Law and Debate† from the book â€Å"Topics forRead MoreShould The Sale Of Organs Become Legalized?1494 Words   |  6 PagesShould the Sale of organs become legalized? Organ donation is the process of giving an organ or a part of an organ for the purpose of transplantation into another person. However in the United States an average of twenty one people die each day waiting for transplants due to shortages of donated organs according to the Government run website Organdoner.gov. It s not as though the others will eventually get kidneys if they just wait, sustained in the meantime by dialysis. In the next year, nearlyRead MoreA Generous Gift or Financial Incentive?973 Words   |  4 Pagesdemand for organ donors far exceeds the supply of available organs. According to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) †¦ there are more than 77,000 people in the U.S. who are waiting to receive an organ (Organ Selling 1). The article goes on to say that the majority of those on the national organ transplant waiting list are in need of kidneys, an overwhelming 50,000 people. Although financial gain in the U.S and in most countries is illegal, by legal izing and structuring a scale for organ donorRead MoreFinancial Incentives on Organ Donation1582 Words   |  7 PagesMore than 100,000 men, women and children in need of life-saving organ transplants, every 10 minutes another person is added to the national organ transplant waiting list and averages of 18 people die each day from the lack of available organs. (donatelife.net) Organ transplants are very important because they replace the damaged organ and help the body function once again. There are still huge shortages of organs, even after awareness and other ways of educating the public. Some Americans are openRead MoreOrgan Of The Organ System1009 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan transplantation has been around for about 61 years. The first successful transplantation took place on December 23, 1954 by Dr. Joseph Murray and Dr. David Hume at Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. That transplantation being successful on that day has saved many lives to this day (â€Å"Transplant ation†). The only legal way to get an organ transplant is through organ donation. In the United States alone, there are about 122,690 people on the waiting list today and only 10,051 donors. EveryRead MoreFinancial Compensation for Organ Donation Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesreceive a life-saving organ donation, yet only one out of four will ever receive that precious gift (Statistics Facts, n.d.). The demand for organ donation has consistently exceeded supply, and the gap between the number of recipients on the waiting list and the number of donors has increased by 110% in the last ten years (OReilly, 2009). As a result, some propose radical new ideas to meet these demands, including the selling of human organs. Financial compensation for organs, which is illegalRead More Do People Who Are Trafficking Human Organs Help Other People?992 Words   |  4 PagesTrafficking Human Organs Help Other People? (Campbell Davison, 2012), say that the unlawful business in human organs special kidneys has advanced quickly and unexpectedly. The reasons why selling kidneys has advanced quickly is that nowadays many countries have wars so there are many poor people who need money to live a good life. Also, after wars, there are many sick people that felt desperation because they lost their organs in the war and no one donated to them, so they needed to buy organs to stay aliveRead MoreMedical Tourism : The Global Commercial Organ Trade1495 Words   |  6 Pagesthat demand for medical tourism is on the increase . There has been wide debate if this facilitates exploitation, and if so how countries can combat this problem. Exploitation is most obvious in the global commercial organ trade. This is referred to as transplant tourism, of which the 2008 Declaration of Istanbul proposed the following definition : Travel for transplantation becomes transplant tourism if it involves organ trafficking and /or transplant commercialism. In the first section of thisRead MoreParenthood Should Continue Funding Planned Parenthood1184 Words   |  5 PagesDefunded Parenthood Congress has sparked a debate as to whether or not the government should continue funding Planned Parenthood. Too many people are uneducated about the many services Planned Parenthood offers to those who would not be able to afford it otherwise. The debate began after a heavily edited video was released accusing Planned Parenthood of selling fetal organs for a profit. The selling of any body part is against federal law. CNN released an article confirming to the public that it

Business Ethics Optimistic Outlook

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics for Optimistic Outlook. Answer: Introduction Stem cells are significant for existing organisms for a number of reasons. For instance, in a 3 to 5day old embryo, the internal cells usually give rise to the complete body of the organism, with the inclusion of all of the numerous specialized cell types and organs such as skin, sperm, eggs, heart, lungs, and other tissues (Green 2001, p.10). In some mature tissues such as brain and bone marrow, separate populations of mature stem cells tend to create replacements for cells that are misplaced through ordinary wear and tear, illness, or malady. Notably, scientists are currently using stem cells in the laboratory to screen novel drugs and to build up model systems to research normal development and determine the causes of birth flaws. Furthermore, stem cell research is now one of the most interesting fields of modern day biology, even though it increases scientific questions as quickly as it generates novel discoveries. Literature Review Recently, a number of researchers and authors have had an optimistic outlook on stem cell research and how it profits the community. One of the main advantages is that it has the ability to regenerate significant tissues in a persons body such as the skin and blood vessels. As a result, many people are helped especially those suffering from illnesses such as cancer, car crash victims and the elderly (Leeb, Jurger Keener 2001, p.15). A stem cell research was carried out on a young boy by a scientist named Anthony Atala. Taking strong cells from the boy who had a busted bladder, Atala fed the cells with numerous nutrients and proteins. He also allowed the cells to multiply and develop. Atala then took these recently created cells, positioned them into a recyclable skin (collagen) balloon and allowed the cells to take outline of a bladder (La Madeleine 2005, p.20). This new bladder was then placed back into the little boy, enabling him to be well once again. It was also observed that the transference of genes to the nucleus of fully developed cells via a virus tends to allow that cell to transform into various other cells which are similar to the embryonic stem cells. This particular experiment is seen as a positive advancement since it is able to replace embryonic stem cells that are being utilized to avoid legal concerns and ethical issues. Interestingly, the experiment does not go against religious beliefs to assist others. It is important for Company ABC to note that there are those who look at stem cell research in a negative manner, raising religious, moral, safety and ethical concerns (Hall 2001, p.22). Stem cells appear to be present in various other tissues than researchers had previously thought. Company ABC would also like to gain more information on the potential for further international spread of the Zika virus. This virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is currently the focus of ongoing public health and pandemic emerg ency (Brown 2006, p.27). The Zika virus was initially limited to sporadic cases in the African and Asian continents, but it soon showed up in Brazil and rapidly spread to other parts of the Americas. The Zika virus, pregnant women, unborn babies, and their relation to stem cell research. Despite progressive knowledge about the Zika virus, questions still remain regarding its vectors and reservoirs, possible synergistic influences of co-infection with other spreading viruses, pathogenesis, and genetic diversity. Recently, a team of Yale researchers observed that infection by this particular virus stops neural stem cells from dividing in the growing human brain thereby resulting in the birth flaw microcephaly (Jiang, Jahagirdar Keene 2002, p.30). The Zika virus diverts an important protein needed for neural stem cell division. Primary microcephaly is an outcome of the depletion of neural stem cells, the originator or progenitors of all cells found in the mature brain (DeCamp Sugarman 2004, p.35). Lately, researchers have discovered the existence of a novel form of neural stem cell referred to as Neuroepitehlital stem cells, or NES. These cells are derived from the initial populati on of neural stem cell found in the initial phases of brain growth. These populations then serve as the progenitor or stem cells for glia and neurons. They also provide scaffolding that help direct upcoming neurons to the correct position in the brain. Researchers have used these NES cells to recreate the brain disorders linked to the Zika virus in the laboratory (Steinbrook 2006, p.37). Company ABC has expressed its concerns over the Zika virus, focusing on pregnant women and unborn babies particularly since it causes brain abnormalities in growing fetuses. However, there are a few possibilities that stem cell research can be applied to prevent further international spread of the virus. In relation to pregnant women and unborn babies, scientists are today committing many exploration hours to management based on embryonic stem cells, distinguishing them from embryos into brain cells, and replacing destroyed or damaged tissues in the body. In a novel study in mice, it was observed that nature too has come up with its own solution. Apparently, when an expectant mouse suffers a heart attack, her fetus contributes some of its stem cells to aid in rebuilding the damaged heart tissue (Penning Steirtghem 2004, p.40). Pregnant mice which had heart attacks indicated 8 times as countless cells from the fetus in their hearts compared to mice which did not suffer any heart atta ck. Similarly, physicians have also observed that women who tend to experience weakness of the heart during pregnancy or immediately after giving birth have higher chances of recovery compared to other groups of heart failure patients. Before deciding on what type of stem cells to use for their gene therapy technique, Company ABC needs to understand the differences and similarities between adult and embryonic stem cells. Each of these stem cells has their unique pros and cons with regards to potential use for cell-oriented regenerative treatments. Notably, one main distinction between the two is their distinct aptitudes in the type and number of separated cell forms they can become (Curzer 2004, p.41). This is to say that while embryonic stem cells are capable of becoming all cell forms of the body because they are pluripotent, mature stem cells are somewhat limited to separating into various cell forms of their tissue of derivation (Kass 2002, p.48). In addition, embryonic stem cells can easily be developed in culture while adult stem cells are uncommon in fully developed tissue. Separating the adult cells from a mature tissue can be quite challenging, and techniques to spread their figures in cell culture have no t yet been deduced. Many scientists today believe that tissues drawn from embryonic and fully developed stem cells may differ in the possibility of being rejected soon after transplantation. Notably, the use of mature stem tissues and cells drawn from a patients own adult stem cells would mean that these cells are less liable to be rejected by the immune system (Holland, Lebacqz Zoloth 2001, p.51). This, therefore, is an advantage in itself. Theoretical Review (applicable theory or theories). There are a number of possible theories for Company ABC to consider when choosing the type of stem cells to use for their gene therapy method. Two of these theories are discussed below. Stem cell theory of aging This particular theory argues that the aging procedure is the outcome of the failure of numerous forms of stem cells to carry on reloading the tissues of a given being with useful differentiated cells able to maintain that tissues initial function (Green 2001, p.53). The quantity of stem cells in young individuals is very much high compared to that of older individuals. This in turn causes a better and more effective substitution method in these young adults compared to their older counterparts. According to this particular theory, aging is not a matter of failure to reload it following a decline in the number of stem cells. The number of stem cells reduces and tends to lose the capability to separate into lymphoid lineages, progenies, and myeloid lineages (Leeb, Jurger Keener 2001, p.54). With regards to curative use of stem cells and their capacity to refill tissues and organs, a number of challenges may be witnessed, for instance, the fact that dissimilar cells may have different life cycles even though they are drawn from similar stem cells. Additionally, constant attempt to restore the somatic cells may lead to fatigue of stem cells. A number of theories explaining the age-associated in peoples bodies have been explained and acknowledged. Recently, the stem cell premise of aging has gained much popularity with scientists and researchers. Current studies are starting to discover the processes involved in stem cell aging, specifically in adult skeletal muscle stem cells commonly referred to as satellite cells (La Madeleine 2005, p.57). Having the knowledge of age-oriented transformations of stem cells helps in comprehending the aging process itself while offering novel therapeutic challenges for improved tissue restoration. Despite the fact that accrued proof has indicated that alternations of stem cells take place in the course of aging, both extrinsic and intrinsic cellular factors in the maturing of adult stem cells are significant in age-associated phenomena (Hall 2001, p.60). Stem cell theory of cancer Interestingly, study has revealed that cancer cells are not at all similar in any way. This means that within the circulating cancerous cells of leukemia or a malignant tumor, there exist different forms of cells. The stem cell hypothesis of cancer suggests that amongst these cancerous cells, a few serve as stem cells that are able to replicate themselves and prolong the cancer (Brown 2006, p.66). Cancer cells that are not stem cells can bring about issues, but cannot maintain an attack on a persons body over the long term. The fact that this particular theory argues that cancer is mainly motivated by minor populations of stem cells has had significant implication. For instance, it implies that the cancer stem cells that bring about metastases can also be a store of cancer cells that would eventually cause a reversion after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. The cancer stem cell theory is therefore focused on how cancers come about. Notably, it proposes that cancer stem cells are d erived out of ordinary stem cells or the originator cells that ordinary stem cells generate (Jiang, Jahagirdar Keene 2002, p.74). Some researchers argue that cancerous cells are similar to a distortion of ordinary cells which tend to show numerous similar characteristics as regular tissues, but are distorted in some way. If this is the case, then companies such as the ABC can use what they know about regular stem cells to spot and assault cancer stem cells as well as the nasty cells they create. Ethical issues in stem cell research. In the past few years, embryonic stem cell study has posed an ethical predicament, especially since it forces people to decide between two ethical principles. These principles are the obligation to eliminate or lessen suffering or the obligation to value the worth of human life (Evans 2005, p.). In the case of this kind of investigation, it is impossible to respect both of these moral philosophies. On the one hand, obtaining embryonic stem cells means early termination of the embryo and the destruction of a budding human life. Conversely, embryonic stem cell investigation could result in the unearthing of novel medical treatments that would lessen the anguish of numerous individuals (DeCamp Sugarman 2004, p.83). Companies using gene therapy techniques such as Company ABC should remember that the main purpose of ethics is to identify principles of right action that can direct them in thinking about what they may do, what they must do, and what th ey must refrain from doing. Although knowledge gained form the inherent sciences help researchers and scientists think through what they should do and be, they do not necessarily offer answers to their moral questions, nor offer any expertise for thinking about them. The question of the honorable position of the embryo is perhaps the most debated and the most significant of all claims. Proponents of embryonic stem cell exploration believe that the initial embryo lacks the features and properties that define human personhood and human being (Steinbrook 2006, p.85). Furthermore, this particular embryo does not have the appearance of a fully grown human being, and it cannot survive on its own. Most importantly, it is not yet self-aware. If viewed from this perspective, then the first embryo might be treated as any other piece of tissue. Contrarily, challengers of the stem cell research dispute that it is not only dangerous but wrong to suggest that a right to life and human dignity attach only to those human organisms that satisfy a given criteria (Penning Steirtghem 2004, p.94). Furthermore, majority of the disabled or sick individuals also tend to lack such capacities. Opponents also suggest that the standard position of both conventional and mod ern embryology states that a human life starts at the fertilization phase. For those who view the embryo as no more than a clump of cells, the main ethical concern with respect to stem cell research would be obtaining permission from embryo donors. On the other hand, those who see embryos as human beings are ethically concerned that the destruction of these embryos for stem cell study would be considered an infringement of the basic duty not to kill (Curzer 2004, p.95). Quantitative Research Method. The most suitable research method to be applied in this case study by Company ABC would be quantitative research method. This is because it is able to calculate the issue by generating numerical information or facts that can be changed into useable information (Kass 2002, p.97). Since the issue of stem cell research is somewhat controversial, using quantitative research method would mean the quantification of attitudes, opinions, actions and other defined variables while generalizing outcomes from a larger sample population. Company ABC can use quantitative research method to formulate facts regarding stem cell research and gene therapy technique, and uncover patterns in the research. Notably, information can be collected through online surveys, personal interviews, systematic observations, or questionnaires. Research Steps to ensure the research is ethical. There are certain steps that Company ABC should undertake in order to ensure that their research is ethical. First and foremost, it is important for the Company to understand the project and what is to be done. Secondly, the researchers need to have some knowledge on stem cell research and gene therapy technique. They should then come up with a search strategy where they will know what types of stem cells they will use and where they will source them from. The researchers should also adhere to any ethical and legal regulations required for a stem cell research and gene therapy technique (Holland, Lebacqz Zoloth 2001, p.98). Careful evaluation and follow-ups are necessary in the course of the research for future reference. If there are a few laboratory assistants who may have moral or ethical concerns regarding this approach, then the companys management should ensure that they explain the benefits of using stem cell research and the production of the gene therapy technique in the control of the development of microcephaly in unborn babies. They should also explain to these employees the benefits that such research will bring to pregnant women who have been infected with the Zika virus. Recommendations. Looking at what has been discussed above, it is clear that Company ABC needs to consider several factors before undertaking its gene therapy experiment for instance the type of stem cells to use and where to source them from. It is recommended that they use cell lines that by now exist as this is so far the most extensively acknowledged source of stem cells. This argument is also founded on the premise that what is done, is done. Even if collecting the embryos could initially be considered ethically controversial, nothing can be done to set aside the initial embryos from which the lines were formed (Green 2001, p.100). Company ABC should keep in mind that sourcing these stem cells bring in the legal requirements and the ethical view that will shift according to the organizational culture. A protocol should also be set up to formulate the research design and this can be done by having the research methodology and formatting reviewed by a professional. Conclusion Following the unique regenerative capabilities, stem cells tend to offer new opportunities for treatment of illnesses such as diabetes and heart diseases. Today, scientists are using stem cells in the lab to monitor latest drugs while at the same time build up model systems to research regular growth, and determine the causes of birth defects. With regards to stem cell research, Company ABC should consider how their ethical judgments connected to biomedical research will reflect on and fashion their character as individuals and as a community. Additionally, there is need for further research into how researchers and scientists can go about completely eliminating the Zika virus in pregnant women through stem cell research and gene therapy techniques. Those who wish to undertake such projects should consider the advantages and limitations associated with this particular approach in order to better improve the lives of individuals globally suffering from conditions and illnesses that ma y benefit from stem cell research. Reference List Brown, N 2006, Blood ties: Banking the stem cell promise, Technology Analysis Strategic Management 18(3/4), pp. 313 327. Curzer, H 2004, The ethics of embryonic stem cell research, J Med Philos 29(5), pp. 533 562. DeCamp, M Sugarman, J 2004, Ethics in behavioral genetics research, Accountability in Research 11(2), pp.27 47. Evans, B 2005, Heinemann biology 1, Harcourt, Port Melbourne, Vic. Green, RM 2001, The human embryo research debates: Bioethics in the vortex of controversy, Oxford University Press, New York. Hall, SS 2001, Adult stem cells, Technology Review 104(9), pp. 42. Holland, S, Lebacqz, K Zoloth, L eds. 2001, The human embryonic stem cell debate: Science, ethics, and public policy, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Jiang, Y, Jahagirdar, BN, Keene, CD Lund, T 2002, Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow, Nature 418(6893), pp.41 49. Kass, LR 2002, Life, liberty and the defence of dignity: The challenge for bioethics, Encounter, San Francisco. La Madeleine, B 2005, Embryonic stem cell research, J@Pan Inc (64), pp. 54 59. Penning, G Steirtghem, AV 2004, The subsidiary principle in the context of embryonic stem cell research, Hum. Reprod. 19(5), pp. 1060 1064. Steinbrook, R 2006, Egg donation and human embryonic stem cell research, N Engl J Med 354(4), pp.324 326. Leeb, CC, Jurga, MM Kenner, LL 2001, New perspectives in stem cell research: Beyond embryonic stem cells, Cell Proliferation, pp. 449 514.

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In the hospitality industry, a various range of tools have been used to execute a strategy. According to Philips and Louvieris (2005), Balanced Scorecard (BSc) model has been successfully applied since 1994 by Hilton Hotels. Other popular approaches have also been considered, for example, Six Sigma, contingency approach, system approach, stochastic frontier approach and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Recently, as a common trend, finance managers have taken the centre position in any corporate structure. Balanced Scorecard appeared as a fairly accurate measurement ecause it re-dimensioned the relative significance of Finance dimension. As an origin form of Balanced Scorecard, there are four dimensions which are Finance, Customer, Employee and Internal Process. All of these four dimensions are thought to be equally important, or balanced. Under these four dimensions, there are objectives and key results areas (KRAs). They are also considered to be equally crucial and balanced. The choices of objectives and KRAS to include them into the Balanced Scorecard are the key steps. Each sarcomere is made of overlapping filaments of actin and myosin, which create a distinct band pattern. As the muscle contracts, the sarcomeres shorten, and the appearance of the band pattern changes. When the uscle contracts, the sarcomere shortens. The H zone and the I band become much narrower, and the Z lines move toward the A band as if the actin filaments. When a muscle is stimulated, a short latent period follows, during which it is taking up the stimulus. It then contracts, where it becomes short and thick, and finally it relaxes and elongates. Muscles can also become fatigued meaning that if a muscle has being strenuously exercised for a prolonged period may lose its ability to contract. The interruption in the muscles blood supply or if ,lack of acetylcholine in motor neuron xons may cause fatigue , however fatigue is mostly arise from accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle as a result from a strenuous breathing. The lactic acid buildup lowers PH and as a result, muscle fibers no longer respond to excitability. On an occasion a muscle becomes fatigued and cramps build up at the same time. Cramps can cause abnormal stimulation of the muscle due to extracellular fluid surrounding the muscle fibers and their motor neurons. Temperature has an effect on the muscle, during the contractile process, the influence which a rise or fall of temperature will ave on muscular activity may be anticipated from the effects such changes would have on these separate processes. We know that for each rise often degrees in temperature chemical reactions are only increased in rate from two to three times while physical reactions are only increased once. The rate of development of an isometric twitch has a temperature coefficient of about 2. 5 for each ten degrees Centigrade, while the same coefficient for its subsidence is about 3. 6. The development of energy in contracting muscle is associated with a chemical change, the production of acid. The immediate neutralization of this acid is likewise a chemical reaction as is also the recovery phase ot the muscle. The mechanical changes undergone by the contracting muscle involve physical adjustments. Heat, then, within certain limits accelerates all phases of the muscular contraction; the latent period is shortened, the rapidity and effectiveness of the contraction are increased while the relaxation phase is especially accelerated. Cold has opposite effects. These again are most pronounced on the relaxation phase which becomes progressively slower and more prolonged as the temperature is lowered until a ritical minimum temperature is reached. At this temperature the properties of irritability and contractility are reversibly suspended. The most favorable temperature for muscular activity is about one degree above the normal body temperature. I observed three changes one being the hardness of the muscle, the buccinator seemed to have expanded and when I let go, the buccinator goes back to shape which shows that it can extract and retract. 2,As I extended the muscle would pull back and come together when flexed. And would get short as I did the action. ,The measurement of my upper arm was 28cm long ,then my new circumference was 26 cm.