Book Banning Against The Law Essay - 1293 Words

Books on the Wrong Side of the Law Every year, groups call to arms for the removal of written works. They label the book too dangerous for young readers. Unfortunately, these incensed groups refuse to acknowledge the entirety of the situation before jumping with both feet into this metaphorical river. This blind censorship needs to cease. Banned books should be allowed because the books give insight to the culture at the time, because banning brings attention to books that someone did not want anyone else to see, and because people have rights. Schools should not ban books in their libraries because the books merely reflect the culture of the times. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, society still lived under the ominous†¦show more content†¦Along with subtly revealing the psychology of the populous during that era, banned books should be kept from challenges because it brings undue attention to the tome. When a group challenges a book, they strongly disagree with its content. They pray that no one else ever reads it. Challenging brings the media into the deal. The media loves a controversial story. Arguments over the decision boil into heated debates; disagreements sell like hot cakes. This publicity incites curiosity in young minds and they soon feel a desire to read the book. Again, Cart held an opinion on what a challenge means to an author. â€Å"Frankly, I wear the fact that some of my books are censored or challenged . . . as a badge of honor, since it means I’m doing my job successfull y. It also means that the books get more attention, which means more teens hear about them† (Cart 133). Instead of feeling chastised, the writer accepts the charges as praise and free publicity. Logically, continuing to help and encourage your opponent makes little sense. The American Library Association makes a list of all challenged and banned books. During Banned Book Week, the association posts the most challenged and recently banned printed productions. When asked, Nancy Sebelius stated that she had read â€Å"many† banned works, including Huckleberry Finn, Merchant of Venice, Little House in the Big Woods, Animal Farm, To Kill a Mocking Bird, Oliver Twist, AShow MoreRelatedBanning Of The State Of Maharashtra1259 Words   |  6 PagesBanning of Beef in India One week ago, the Indian state of Maharashtra which is located on the western part of the country banned beef consumption. The government of the region has banned both the possession as well as the consumption of meat. Muslims living on the western part of the country have criticized the move stating it will cause many people to lose their job and increase the poverty rate. On the other hand, the Hindu groups are ecstatic with the move made by the government. Hindus considerRead MoreOf Mice and Men Argumentative Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pageshas a controversial history. It has been repeatedly banned by school boards. Why might this book have been banned? Is such an action justified? In a five-paragraph essay, take a position for or against banning this novel. Use your three body paragraphs to develop each of three reasons for or against banning the novel. The Lost Portion of Human Society Right from the beginning of human civilization, books had become the vital flame that ignited many great achievements. John Steinbeck, one of theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Should Not Be Banned1638 Words   |  7 Pagesmost in this community can tell, the banning of Fahrenheit 451 has caused a tremendous outbreak within the people, and it has caused for everyone to either choose to encourage the banning of Fahrenheit 451 or to oppose it. As a definite result, I am against the banning of Fahrenheit 451, and it is not just for pity reasons. I am opposing the banning for so much more than that. My first reason to oppose the banning is that so many people think the theme of this book is about rebelling, which this isRead MoreBanned Books1233 Words   |  5 PagesBanned Books 3 Where Have All the Books Gone? Books are dangerous. They make you thinkÂ…feelÂ…wonderÂ…. They make you ask questions (Weiss p.2). At the present time, at least seventy-five books are being banned. This is hurting our culture more than it is helping. This has to be stopped; books cannot be taken off of the shelves at the rate that they are today. The books that are being taken off of the shelves are, for the most part, considered classics. The act of book banning puts limitationsRead MoreEssay on Censorship and Banned Books1191 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship and Banned Books Books are dangerous. They make you thinkÂ…feelÂ…wonderÂ…. They make you ask questions (Weiss p.2). At the present time, at least seventy-five books are being banned. This is hurting our culture more than it is helping. This has to be stopped; books cannot be taken off of the shelves at the rate that they are today. The books that are being taken off of the shelves are, for the most part, considered classics. The act of book banning puts limitations on what authorsRead MoreThe Case Of Samuel Roth921 Words   |  4 PagesCourt Justice Brennan delivered the opinion of the Court. Roth ran a business in New York by selling books, photos, and magazines. Roth was charged with 4 counts for sending inappropriate circulars and an inappropriate book. The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld Roth’s appeal. Alberts was prosecuted for the sale of lewd books, and for writing inappropriate advertisements within the books. Albert’s conviction was upheld by a lower court. The Court must decide if indecent material is protectedRead MoreArticle Review : Land Of The Free 1218 Words   |  5 PagesLand of the Free?: Book Censorship in the United States In the eyes of many, America can be summed up in a single word: freedom. However, this freedom Americans often boast of is not as unrestricted as many are led to believe. Book censorship not only impinges on the rights of free speech for young students, but also freedom of the press for authors. Book censorship has been around as long as books themselves have. For example, Socrates, a well-known and respected philosopher and teacher, was forcedRead MoreEthnic Studies in Arizona: Both Sides of the Story1183 Words   |  5 PagesMexican-American Studies Program to be in compliance with the state law Arizona statute ARS 15-112. This decision was also made to avoid losing ten percent of its budget in this period of a struggling economy; but that does not complete the story. The history of disagreement began when Tom Horne, the State Superintendent of Schools, during the last days of his term found Tucson School District in violation of all four provisions of the state law ARS 15-112. J ohn Huppenthal, who took over as SuperintendentRead MoreDoes Obama Really Want to Take Our Guns?1100 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment wants to take our guns away. It is my belief that Obama does not want to take our guns, but future administrations may use laws made today to do just that in the future. As more gun related tragedies occur in our country, the question has become How can we reduce gun violence in our county?, as opposed to How can we take the peoples guns away?, but are the laws that the Obama administration are attempting to make paving the way for Americans being disarmed in the future? In this paperRead MoreCensorship And Its Effect On Society1581 Words   |  7 PagesOxford Dictionary,The suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security.† Simply, censorship is restricting or hiding information so it cannot be accessed by others. Ray Bradbury uses the novel t o show concern with the idea of censorship and how it might affect the society. The theme of censorship is obvious through the banning and burning of books. In the first part of the novel, it becomes obvious that censorship

Stand Up and Fight Essay - 1011 Words

Many individuals believe that men and women are fundamentally different by virtue of their different reproductive functions, and that a womens reproductive role has ramifications beyond bearing of a child. These individuals claim that there are immutable differences between the sexes which are manifested in their emotional, physical, and intellectual traits. (19, Samuels) This is a sad but unfortunate truth about the attitudes of the American work force. Every day, women face inequality and discrimination in their jobs. Men overwhelmingly dominate both blue-collar and white-collar jobs in the United States. As more women have begun assimilating into mainstream jobs, men have become emasculated and threatened; thus creating excuses and†¦show more content†¦These complaints failed to make any head way for Mercer. After days of agitation, Mercer approached the comptroller and demanded an interview. After weeks of waiting for a response, Mercer finally insisted on a meeting with the comptroller and general manager. Over the course of the meeting, Mercer was insulted and embarrassed by her administrators that stated â€Å"Look, honey, Tommy’s a good man, and he sits in well with the other top guys around him. You just have to understand that it is a man’s world. My wife goes through the same thing at her company.† The meeting was ended and Mercer was without a promotion and extremely insulted. Many women experience situations like this every day in their jobs, but they do not have to let it happen. In discriminatory situations, women like Mercer have many different options to help them protect their rights in the workplace. In an interview, Tammy Bass who has worked it automotive sales in Michigan for (_) years talked about discrimination she saw in the workplace and the various actions taken to rectify the situations. The first choice was similar to the choice Jana took, to go to personnel. By going to personnel, women get the opportu nity to voice their complaints to people that specifically deal with problems like discrimination. Personnel provide free professional assistance in defending peoples individual rights in the workplace. The downside of going to personnel is that it greatlyShow MoreRelatedEssay On Being A Hero957 Words   |  4 PagesA hero is not something that anyone can be. A hero stands for what is right in the world and fights agents what is wrong. They will always be there to stand up for those who cannot. The path that is taken to become a hero is not a path that can be taken by most. You cannot simply wake up and become a hero, you are born with it and raised to be one. They have to fight to fully become their full hero. The path to become a hero is a long and taxing task to be taken. A hero is someone who had a veryRead MoreThe Ultimate Fighting Championship1542 Words   |  7 Pagessport has on a fighters body and the endless time devoted to training that a fighter must endure have solidified the UFCs place as a serious contender for the newest, world recognized sport. The excitement and electricity felt by fans viewing the fight live and by those at home make the UFC, in my opinion, the best sport in the United States today. The UFC has been around since 1993 but was not a regulated combat sport until 2001 after an ownership trade leaving Zuffa Inc. in charge ofRead MoreMuhammad Ali s Stand Against The Vietnam War1499 Words   |  6 PagesIntro: Muhammad Ali’s Stand against the Vietnam War was a game changer for many people and shocked everyone, everywhere when word got out. This topic of Muhammad Ali V. the Vietnam War is relevant to the theme of â€Å"Taking a Stand†, because it showed that he was very courageous and also showed how much faith Ali had in the Nation of Islam to take a stand against not only the United States, but against the Vietnam War. The topic is important because it showed that if there s a will, there s a wayRead MoreCharacter Changes In The Iliad To Troy1558 Words   |  7 Pagesby everyone in his family and city, including his own father who doesn’t consider him a son. When he is gifted Helen, not even she wanted to stay with him. His cowardice shines through in his fight with Menelaus when Hector chastises him for being a coward before Paris finally stands up and agrees to fight Menelaus for Helen. But soon as magnificent Paris marked Astrides shining among the champions, Paris’ spirit shook. Backing into his friendly ranks, he cringed from death as one who trips on aRead MoreThe Moon Is Down By John Steinbeck And Antigone : An Analysis992 Words   |  4 Pagespeople provides them with the strength to never give up and to be the start of a better future. The human spirit drives people’s confidence to help them stand up and create change for the better. The townspeople from The Moon is Down resist and fight against the invaders to construct their authority. Alex Morden is the one who begins the rebellion. He hits Captain Bentick with an axe, when he was ordered around and forced to work. Alex stands by his word when he says, Im not sorry. He told meRead MoreWatching the Solution to the Jewish Question from Afar686 Words   |  3 Pagesof your actions affect the lives of your family? Or would you just â€Å"go with the flow† and stand back as the Jewish people were punished? This is a question that people in this time had to ask themselves. Some decided to take the chance and fight back, but many did not. Most people, who had families to think about, chose to stand back from what was happening. Honestly, the non-Jewish people who chose to stand back had every right to make this decision for themselves and their families. Although theRead MoreEssay about Violence and Christianity553 Words   |  3 Pagesneighbour he would not fight.’ There are many arguments agreeing and disagreeing with this statement. The bible teaches Christians that they should not fight. An example of this is â€Å"Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.† This is telling Christians that they should love everyone and not fight them. Another biblical teaching is â€Å"If someone strikes you on he right cheek, turn to him with the other also.† This is saying not to fight even in self defenceRead MoreSummary Of The Time Of The Butterflies 969 Words   |  4 PagesButterflies In-class Essay Question: How do the Mirabal sisters use courage in the novel? The Courage of the Butterflies If the average person wanted to stand up to adversity, would they have the courage to do it? In the historical-fiction novel, In the Time of the Butterflies by Julia Alvarez, the four Mirabal sisters (Dedà ©, Minerva, Marà ­a, and Patria) stand up to adversity and join a revolution against the tyrannical Trujillo regime in the Dominican Republic. 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The future of humanity depends on our ability to speak and stand up for what we believe in and our values. We must use the youth to help this work and make this society a much more supportive and understanding society to live

Preface Teenage Pregnancy Free Essays

a. Preface Teenage pregnancy is the period where children between ages of 13-20 become pregnant. Teenage pregnancy is not really a quite higher in our baranggay compare o other places. We will write a custom essay sample on Preface Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result teenage pregnancy has become an issue as it has been defined as a family problem rather than anything else. Teen mother have lower chance of completing their high school or college, especially if they have their first child before 18. They are not able to complete their basic education. Although they have sill few basic skill such as computer literacy, health implication to heir selves and to their baby is not enough above all it is the reason why they are dropping out from schools. Acknowledgment His research would not have been possible without the help of several individuals who extend their assistance in the preparation of this study. I express my gratitude to Dra. Jenny C. Possecion – Obygyne Criselda Almeron- health worker Incarnacion S. De Celis- for her vital encouragement and support The teenage mothers who is willing to share their experiences Kgwd. Arnold Rosales for the help and inspiration he extended Brgy. Pasandalan Health workers Staff Most especially to my family, friends and to God who made all things possible. Risk of Teenage Pregnancy Summary The effect of teenage pregnancy has often been raised. At what age should a woman to be pregnant? Some argue that it does not matter what age a person is as long as he or she is mature. While other says that maturity comes with age. And a teenager is never equipped for responsibilityin comes with bearing a child. There are several health risk that cn affect our young people today. Specially for those young women who choose to carry a child. Raising a child involves a lot of patience and sacrifices that a teen does not have. Teen mothers starts smooking, dringking,during pregnancy because of stress and depressions, as a result there can be effects in their bodies. Because they are still young they still have immature body and mind. They can suffer health problems and it includes the baby. Body of the report Introduction Teen pregnancy is a problem in today’s society. Young or teen mothers really don’t know their options. Many teens today are not aware of the dangers in unprotected sex. They bring another life in this world without a proper care. We all know that teenage pregnancy can be reasons of poor educational achievement, poverty and a lot of health risk. Background/history Teenage pregnancy is a pregnancy on a female under 20 years old. A pregnancy can take place as early as two weeks before the first menstrual period. Which signals the possibility of fertility. One of the main reasons why the youth are clueless about sexual intercourse and consequences are the fact that the youth are misinformed about sexual intercourse. Teens nowadays are exposed to sex movies, internet, TV and other media forms which are not presented during earlier times. The problem now that arises is that the â€Å"barkada† has a lot of influence than the parents do. Teenagers who have friends who engaged in sexual intercourse are more likely to engage in it compare to those who do not mingle much with their friends. Purpose statement This study is conducted in random puroks of brgy. Pasandalan, Lebak Sultan Kudarat The purpose of conducing a research about teenage pregnancy is to know what are the reasons why they get pregnant. I want to know anything from how hard it was, how their boyfriend/parents took it. And the effects for being a young mother. Determine how many teenage girls are able to complete school. Scope and limitation The study focuses on teenage pregnancy and some of its effects. This study is limited only to give information about having sex before marriage and its all consequences. Like the disadvantages to the students This study is important since teenagers will have a background knowledge of the said study they will also think twice if they want to do it or not. Teenage pregnancy has some advantages and disadvantages. Some of this are, * They have to stop going to school since they are pregnant. * They are also forced not to go out to much because they have to take care of their child. * They also need to find a job to pay for all expenses of their child. * And of course they are going to face all the consequences for having a child. If there are disadvantages there are also advantages. Some of I are they will experience having a family. And they get to experience pleasure at an early age and experience being a paren. Teen pregnancy health risk Pregnant teens and their unborn babies have risks. * Lack of parental care Teenage who are pregnant specially if they don’t have support from their parents are at risk. Prenatal care screens for medical problems in both mother and baby. * Low-birth weight baby Teens are higher risk of having a low-birth weight babies. Premature babies are more likely has less weight. Feeling alone Especially for teens who think they can’t tell their parents they’re pregnant, feeling scared and alone can be a real problem. Without the support of family, pregnant teens are less likely to eat well or get plenty of rest. * Children born with a young mom Baby that is born to teenage mothers are less likely to receive proper nutrition, health care and as a result they are ri sk for lower academic achievement. * Children born to teenage mothers are at risk for abuse * Girls born to teenage mothers are more likely to become teenage mothers themselves. How to cite Preface Teenage Pregnancy, Essay examples

Abortion Pro

Abortion Pro-Choice Views Essay IntroductionFrom 1973 to 1987, over 22 million abortions have been performed. Pro-lifers would call that a terrible waste of human life. True, 22 million lives were taken, but I believe that we are better off without those. Please let me explain in the following report. What is abortion?Webster’s dictionary defines abortion as â€Å"the expulsion of a nonviable fetus.† Abortion might possibly be the most controversial topic right now. I’m sure by now that you’ve heard of all the different types of abortion. Almost all abortions performed in the US are surgical abortions, where the fetus is removed by suction or other means. (Medication offers another option, to be discussed later in this report.) During a suction abortion, the fetus is dismembered and disposed of by a small tube. This process takes but about 10 minutes, and the mother experiences very little or no physical discomfort. Pro-lifers immediately say that emotional trauma and guilt haunts every woman after she has an abortion. However, during my research, I found numerous women who led (and continue to lead) prominent and scot-free lives after their abortions. I think that the mental state of the mother depends very much on her personal feelings toward abortion, and the actual experience the had before and during the abortion. Pro-life propagandaIn my study of pro-lifers, I have found that most of the time, they employ the use of a few str ategies for making their views known. One tactic pro-lifers use to convince people of their views is to play on fear and emotions. Their graphic descriptions and gruesome pictures are a crude attempt to â€Å"scare† people out of abortion, while their pious talk and sobbing try to make us feel sorry for them and the unborn. Another popular strategy of pro-lifers is to protest things like â€Å"Life begins at conception! The fetus is human!† Science has proven these facts, and pro-choicers are by no means trying to deny them. However, pro-choicers feel that the rights of the parents (namely the mother) override the rights of the unborn child. Neither of these tactics work on pro-choicers like myself. True, pro-lifers are entitled to voicing their opinion (just as I am), but I feel that some of their methods (as illustrated in the next section) are very unorthodox. Pro-life?!Some pro-lifers don’t seem to be for â€Å"the preservation of human life.† The tables on page 7 clearly illustrate how often pro-lifers contradict their â€Å"pro-life† ideals by resorting to violent and disruptive acts to try to force their views on people. New legislature controls irate pro-lifersA new bill was introduced in April 1994. The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (aka FACE or FACEA) protects women seeking abortion, and the facilities performing them. Specifically, FACE protects reproductive health service staff and patients from violent threats, assault, vandalism, and blockades. FACE was signed by President Clinton on May 26, 1994, but angry pro-lifers still violate this law. The consequences for a first-time offender cannot exceed one year in prison and/or a $100,000 fine. Repeat offenders face a maximum 3 year prison sentence and/or a $250,000 fine. If any injury is incurred, the sentence jumps to 10 years. If death results from the offense, the maximum sentence is life imprisonment. I think it is about time for FACEA. Pro-lifers have gone far enough with their â€Å"demonstrations† in front of clinics nationwide. Many news clips have shown pro-lifers throwing things at women as they walk into a clinic. In one extreme case, an off-duty police officer (acting as a bodyguard) and the husband of a woman seeking an abortion were shot at by pro-lifers. The police officer diedthe husband was severely wounded. Even though FACEA will not put a stop to the violence toward abortionists and clients, I think it will definately decrease it. .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 , .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .postImageUrl , .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 , .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88:hover , .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88:visited , .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88:active { border:0!important; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88:active , .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88 .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c01c73ecf7fd49fa2ca155e02564a88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Title of the Paper (1626 words) EssayRU486 and â€Å"MMs†Different medications are offering a safe and private alternative to clinic abortions. RU486 is an abortion inducing pill that allows women to have non-invasive, safer and easier abortions in the privacy of their own homes. This option also eliminates any contact with livid pro-lifers and their antagonistic methods. RU486 also offers great medical promise in the research and possible cures/treatments of breast cancer, endometriosis, prostrate and brain cancer. Right now, pro-lifers are preventing

Organized Crime

Introduction John Gotti was born on October 27, 1940. Until his death while serving a prison sentence, he was the godfather of the powerful crime gang family; the Gambino family.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organized Crime – John Gotti’s Analyze specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was dubbed â€Å"The Teflon Don†, because of his ingenuity in tricking America’s law enforcers and beating prosecutors in watertight cases. He had a dominant personality, was hot tempered and his readiness to fight made him the leader of a local gang. He was incarcerated for the first time in 1968 for hijacking trucks and got out in 1972 becoming the right hand-man to Carlo Gambino. He killed James McBratney who had kidnapped and killed Gambino’s son thereby improving his status in the mafia. He later succeeded to the throne of the Gambino family after the death of Carlo Gambino. He was nicknamed T he Dapper Don due to his meticulous appearance and cutting a public image with heroic activities (BBC, 2002; Mustain and Capeci, 2002). Theories Edwin Sunderland Edwin Sunderland developed the differential association theory in criminology which embraces sociology in analyzing crime. He asserted that crime is a behavior that is learned by interacting with family, peers and or associations. By associating with them, people learn different techniques of crime, crime motives and specific rationale in crime. The theory explains reasons for an individual’s deviant behavior. Sunderland asserted that an individual’s criminality will depend on the different associations that treat crime as either positive or negative such that when favorable deviance beat negative counterparts, crime paths are opened. He further proposed that the associations vary in quality by duration, frequency, intensity and priority; he concludes that if an individual has earlier associations, crime will have greater influence on such an individual (Vandelay, 2010). Robert Merton Robert Merton developed the strain theory also called the anomie theory. It has been acclaimed as one of the most influential sociological deviance assertion. According to Merton (n.d.), there is no inner drive for crime nor is crime of a single person but rather crime and deviance are normal aspects in our society. He further argues that crime is a requirement in our society for the society to achieve social progress and generate solidarity.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to him, the social structure in our society is what gives birth to crime. He argues that the American social structure and its structure of wealth distribution and that dream of achieving the ‘American dream’ all require crime to maintain social stability in the face of structural inequality. He argues that the nor m of achieving the American dream is through monetary stability through hard work in school and then in the economic life, but also there is an admiration for such deviant behavior like that of a robber baron who breaks all the rules in the book but achieves success; through the deviant means. Thus he concludes that in our societies especially by American standards, success is admired more than how it was gained. Success is thus emphasized more than the approved means of achieving that success (Merton, n.d.). Analyzing Gotti in the Light of the Above Theories Analyzing Gotti’s criminal activities by using the above two criminal theories, we find that both apply in some ways or the other. We are told that that Gotti started his criminal activities as a young boy of 12 years. By interacting with his peers at that tender age, he was able to be their leader and was unable to stay crime free. He later admired the Gambino family gang and by his association with them, he knew that b y committing more serious crimes he could rise in ranking. He had greater influence in his criminal activities by virtue of his earlier association in crime (Smith, 2010). The second theory above by Sunderland also does describe Gotti’s deviance remain in crime although it is not the right norm to achieving the American dream but all in all, who cares as long as he has achieved it; by being rich in monetary value. People admired his success despite the means, he was the boss of ‘a new York City Gambino Crime Family and he was later to become the most powerful crime boss of his era. He had an outspoken personality and used to wearing expensive clothing earning him the name â€Å"The Dapper Don’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organized Crime – John Gotti’s Analyze specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a life most American consider â€Å"the American Dream’ and by any standards Gotti had achieved it despite the means. This seems used to keep him tight in crime and show off that despite how he achieves his American dream, he still lived large (Smith, 2010). Types of Criminals Gangs Criminal Gangs, Cultural Gangs and Entrepreneurial Gangs A sociological professor at New York University Jerome Skolnick has identified two types of criminal gangs; neighborhood based gangs (cultural gangs) and entrepreneurial gangs. Cultural gangs are the traditional turf oriented based in the neighborhood and involved in a number of crimes. Entrepreneurial gangs do exist purposely to gain wealth by criminal activities like that of sale of illegal drugs, manufacturing and or distributing such drugs (smith, 2010) Gangster Disciple Gangster Disciple is a gang based in a neighborhood in Chicago. They have one major cultural background and despite the fact that they have expanded their operations into other places outside Chicago, they have their roots still based in the Chicago neighborhood. They are thus classified under cultural gangs (Smith, 2010). Conclusion Criminal activities take many forms. There are many theories which explain how criminal activities and how each is applied will depend on different circumstances. References BBC. (2002). John Gotti: The Teflon Don. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1370984.stm Merton, R. (n.d.). Robert Merton: Anomie Theory. Retrieved from http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/jhamlin/4111/Merton/MertonAnomie.htm Mustain, G and Capeci, J. (2002). Mob star: the story of John Gotti. New York, NY: Alpha.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Smith, N. (2010). Skolnick’s Gang Types. Web. Vandelay, A. (2010). Edwin Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory of Criminology. Associated content. Web. This essay on Organized Crime – John Gotti’s Analyze was written and submitted by user Larry Nielsen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce Essays

The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce Essays The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce Paper The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce Paper to see if they had all heard. And each one saw in the eyes of the other two that they too had heard This can be related to reality in which the parents are not taking care of their children, not giving them love because theyre more concerned about their wealth, which eventually leads to the children taking action themselves in order to get their parents love. The rocking horse represents both Pauls desire to make money for his mother and his own sexuality. In a sense, one can guess that Paul compensates for his mothers immaturity by masturbating: he would sit on his big rocking horse, charging madly into space, with a frenzy that made the little girls peer at him uneasilyhis eyes had a strange glare in them Pauls masturbatory activities are equally useless as well. No matter how much money he wins for his mother, she is never satisfied. More to the point, Pauls money can not buy his mothers love. All in all, setting is not only the time and place of a story but it can be sometimes an essential part of the story. The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce, The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck which uses antagonism, mood and atmosphere in The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe, reinforcement of the conflict in The Blind Man and The Rocking Horse Winner which is a metaphor for human life. All 5 are good examples of how setting plays an important and different role in a story. The setting of a story helps to outline the general theme. It may even be an important symbol or help develop symbolism. Setting may also able a reader to relate to hardships or situations in real life. This helps the story to become more powerful and complex. The settings used in the 5 stories above were the foundations of success in these works.

Knowledge and Skills for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Knowledge and Skills for Managers - Essay Example First, because in both situations, managers head an organization that needs to exercise problem solving, logical thinking, technical knowledge, effective communication, reasonableness and understanding. Joane Fritz explains in an article entitled â€Å"What are the key characteristics of a non-profit organization† published in About.com in 2011, that non-profit organizations and private organizations may differ in their purpose when it comes to income distribution, but in either way, managers in both organizations are directly responsible to their stakeholders. Non-profit organizations are sometimes referred to as â€Å"non-stock† corporations and most often registered as a corporation, an individual enterprise, association, partnership or foundations. WEX article, entitled â€Å"Non-profit Organizations† published in Legal Information Institute of Cornell University Law School cited churches, public charities, public schools, public clinics and hospitals labor u nions, professional associations, research institutes, museums, and some governmental agencies as good examples of a non-profit organization. As compared to private organizations? the non-profit organization belongs to the public as no one person controls the organization. Its assets are assigned to the charitable, educational, literary, scientific or religious purposes of the organizations. Thus, a manager under this set up is guided by the principles of non -profit organization in pursuance of his duties. What makes the non-profit organization distinct from private organizations is their treatment of profit in the operation. Non-profit organization also derives profit from its operations but the profit does not go to the members of the board not even to its founders. In this manner, managers see to it that this policy is followed as he becomes accountable to donors of the organization. As a manner of control, managers are required to render financial accounting report to the Feder al State and government as non-profit organizations are entrusted with funds in accomplishing their mission. Working for a non-profit organization takes a lot of sacrifice. Fritz, in the same article previously cited, said the law requires that board of directors should not be compensated except for expenses for travel and for attending board meetings. Salaries of the five highest paid officers of the non-profit organization are also required to be declared, and that includes salaries of the manager. The manager, too, has to do a lot of corporate reporting aside from the Federal State through its annual income tax return. He is also controlled by the State Attorney’s General Office that makes it a point that non- profit organization follows the laws (Fritz, Joane. 2010). The â€Å"Basic Business Principles of Management† as explained by Raul Thadani in an article in Buzzle.com remain the same whether one is managing a big corporation, a small one and a non-profit organ ization. These basic principles do not isolate usage for non-profit organization and same rules and concepts are universally applied in every situation wherein management is deemed necessary. (Thadani, 2010) The managerial task Thadani of Buzzle.com in same article of Basic Management Principles outlined five basic management principles a manager should follow which I have explained below (Thadani 2010). The first step a manager does in a non-profit organization is to set the goals of the company or the activity to be done. Most often, this is expressed in the mission and vision statements established by the company and the realistic targets set by the managers. The duty of the manager here is to convey these goals to the employees so that

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Case Study Example Rasinghe has to consider the social consequences of taking a difference stance than the group. I believe that it would take a lot of courage for Rasinghe to vote against the motion. There is peer pressure involved in the decision of the group. The courage that Rasinghe needs must come from within. He can take pride in his past accomplishment such as complete a college education and use those things as an inspiration that will allow him to make the decision that is in his heart. Going against the group might not be popular, but Gehan has to be his own individual and make the decision that is right for him. I believe that the current rating system is flawed. It is a bit biased and needs greater participation from outsiders that make evaluation based on the skills, abilities, and leadership of each of the individual members. The participants of the program should not be rating each other because the program is supposed to be competitive training program in which the best candidates are trying to show who is more deserving of a promotion. If I was in Rasinghe’s position I would tell the upper management the truth about rating system. The opinions of my colleagues are irrelevant, thus I would vote against the motion. True leaders have to make tough decisions based on what is in the best interest of the company. This case study illustrates a scenario in which a young businessman is faced with a dilemma concerning loyalties to a group. In reality the group was supposed to be formed of the best young leaders in the organization. It is possible that some of the member of the group might be receiving promotions at the completion of the program. Gehan Rasinghe is the protagonist of the case study. His upraising within the organization followed a unique path that started with him being a bit of reject due to his shyness and awkward accent. He overcame those obstacles to become a leader within the organization. The situation in the case study could be

Robert Hooke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Robert Hooke - Essay Example The simple thought never occurred to the famous philospher that he may need further corroboration to his obsevation before he could state it as a universal fact. The Greeks could see, but their vision was severely limited, there was not much of scope, and there were no scientific instruments. And even that breadth and depth of thinking among men of the ancient Western civilization died out with the advent of religious dogmatism, at which point the dark ages began. But fortunately, though these medieval times of nescience lasted for a long time, they did not last forever. The Greek spirit eventually revived. The glorious age of Renaissance began, men again began to think and look at the world around them with a new clarity. Soon they began to see farther than anyone had before them. Much much farther - through the telescope. They began to see a litte deeper too, and deeper: through a microscope. It was all about vision. And a man of science who lived towards the end of Renaissance, and who most perfectly represented this expanding vision of human mind was Robert Hooke. His advances in material science, astronomy and micrography paved way to the 19th and 20th century science in a significant way. Robert Hooke was the quintessential renaissance man, ever curious, ever exploring, ceaselessly seeking answers, studying, theorizing, inventing, and relentlessly pursuing knowledge in general. Some have called him the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. A prolific inventor and designer of scientific instruments besides being a natural philosopher par excellence, Robert Hooke is best known to modern students of physics through Hooke's law of elasticity, and to students of biology as a pioneer of cell theory. However, these aspects reflect but a minor part of Hooke's immense achievement in an astonishingly wide variety of scientific fields - in physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, astronomy, and geology. He was also in a big way into architecture and naval technology, and in a smaller way into sundry items of scientific interest. But, by far the most interesting, and sadly the most unfortunate, fact about Robert Hooke is that he remained a forgotten genius for a long time even well into the twentieth century. It is thanks to a remarkable biography of Mrs. Margaret Espinasse in the 1950's that students of scientific history have been able to recognize the true scale of Robert Hooke's immense contribution to science. More recent times have seen a spate of important books on Robert Hooke, books such as "Man Who Knew Too Much: The Strange & Inventive Life of Robert Hooke 1635-1703" by Stephen Inwood, "England's Leonardo: Robert Hooke and the Seventeenth-Century Scientific Revolution" by Allan Chapman, "Robert Hooke and the Rebuilding of London" by Michael Cooper, "Robert Hooke: Creative Genius, Scientist, Inventor" by Mary Gow, "The Curious Life of Robert Hooke : The Man Who Measured London" by Lisa Jardine. Most recently, " Robert Hooke: Tercentennial Studies" have also been published. The sheer number of works published on Robert Hooke is an indication clear enough as to the real scope of his scientific caliber. But the big question remains: How

Negative Impact Of Texting On Teenagers English Language Essay

Negative Impact Of Texting On Teenagers English Language Essay Texting is a very fast form of communicating with others. It consists of brief messages often typed in abbreviations known as text speak. Though it delivers thoughts with lightning speed, those who believe it is as, if not more effective than face to face conversations have their heads in the sand. Whether you are meeting someone for the first time or conversing with an old friend, face to face interactions have superior quality. Facial expressions can be seen, voice inflections heard and body language interpreted. Valuable verbal and nonverbal information essential to human interactions is lost in text messaging. In person conversations are self regulating while the silent nature of text messaging is not. Many young people text constantly no matter where they are or who they are with; hence, they are in a perpetual state of distraction and are unable to maintain focus beyond the next text. There is more to communication than sending and receiving bits of abbreviated text. Conveying emotions and feelings along with conversation adds depth and aids in interpreting meaning beyond words on a screen. Further, face to face communication allows for body language and facial expressions to enliven and enrich conversations and one another. Texting relies on emoticons (little faces that show happy, sad etc) which are a sorry replacement for human gestures and emotion. The purpose of interpersonal communication is to encourage the listener to fully grasp the thoughts and ideas the communicator wishes to convey. Though texting enhances access to others, it limits the ability to personally connect with others and bond. The more people choose texting to connect with others over interpersonal communication the further apart they become. In face to face communication people do not rely solely on words to understand what is being said. Intrapersonal communication is 7% spoken words, 38% tone of voice and 55% non verbal. This means that 93% of communication is determined by nonverbal cues; therefore, if text messaging is the chosen means of communication 93% of the intended message is lost. (http://www.dest.gov.au/nwt/hospitality/comm_non.htm, Non Verbal Communication (body language). There are six types of nonverbal communication: facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, posture and body orientation, proximity and paralinguistics . Facial expressions confirm how information is being received and delivered. Smiling for example is an expression that is welcoming while scowling is the opposite. Eye contact is extremely important in that consistent (not starring or ogling) eye contact during a conversation makes the listener feel relevant, and heard. Gesturing can insert warmth, connectedness, and personality into one on one or group communications. Posture and body orientation (how you stand, walk and sit), sends a multitude of messages. A person who is shy or nervous may convey it by slouching or turning slightly away; contrarily, a confident, relaxed individual will exhibit a relaxed posture and face their conversation partner or group. Proximity is the distance an individual places between themselves and the person they are conversing with. If too much distance is placed between individuals it signals that one or both is uncomfortable with the conversation. It can also become uncomfortable if someone (particularly if they are not a friend) stands too close or touches too often. How your voice sounds is paralinguistics. Tone, inflection, pitch, volume and rhythm give richness and depth to a conversation. Paralinguistics can also reveal when there is a hidden or different meaning than the stated words suggest (http://www.focused-momentum-lifecoach.com/types-of-nonverbal-communication.html, The Six types of Nonverbal Communication). Computers and text messaging sources were originally created for data, not for the intricacies of human interactions. Yet, over seventy five billion text messages are exchanged each month in the United States. The majority of the texters are between the ages of thirteen and seventeen and each average two thousand, two hundred seventy-two texts a month. An extreme example was reported by Greg Hardesty, a reporter who wrote a story about his thirteen year old daughter racking up 14,528 texts in one month. After the story appeared in the Orange County Register, his daughters volume rose to 24,000 messages. Her parents took no action until after her grades fell precipitously. Thankfully, they took her phone away. (http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/health/26teen.html, The New York Times, by Katie Hafner, May25,2009). David E. Meyer, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan said that texting is a huge cultural phenomenon with huge down-the-road consequences (http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/living/2008774199_texting23.html, O.M.G.! Teens lives being taken over by texting, By Donna George, The Washington Post, February 23, 2009). Some educators believe those consequences are currently surfacing in the classroom. They are seeing declines in word choices, spelling, the complexities of writing and an inability to stay focused. Further, educators are seeing text speak (LOL-laugh out loud, THX- thanks, L8R-later) and emoticons show up in assigned papers as well as a growing absence of punctuation (http://www.wsbt.com/news/national/40499712.html, Constantly Texting Teens Worry Parents, Experts, March1, 2009, Rockville Md. (AP). Many educators (and parents) are concerned about teens seeming inability to stay focused and tuned in to the world around them. Their attention is constantly divided between where they are at and what they are supposed to be doing and the next text message. It takes self-discipline to pay attention and learn and self discipline is not a character avid texters display. Texting distracts from the here and now of daily activities and interactions with others. A person is often exchanging texts with four or more individuals while trying to converse with others around them. Neither the in person or texting group has the full attention of the texter. The focus of the texters attention is constantly being pulled in several directions so no one benefits from the exchange. The same holds true in the classroom. To master the knowledge being presented, the full attention of the learner is required; therefore, a student who spends class time sending and receiving texts cannot be receiving the information required for learning. In the long run, it is the texter who loses from this addictive and rude behavior. Relationships both inside and outside the family deteriorate as does the quality and quantity of their education. Texting is undermining communication skills and therefore, human interactions. Texting is producing a generation that is self absorbed, distracted, unable to communicate in the here and now effectively and have no sense of propriety. Communication that is void of nonverbal cues and tones, laced with abbreviated speech which lacks grammar and punctuation and consumes ones time from dawn to dusk, clearly is destined to severely negatively impact the future of intrapersonal communication and interactions. Texting is inferior to communicating face to face and enjoying the richness and depth that language (verbal and nonverbal) provides.

National Security: At What Price Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Ess

National Security: At What Price Never has information played a more important role in society than it does today. The advent of the Internet has made the distribution and collection of information easier and faster than ever before. Today, the Internet is used for communications, shopping, management, and even financial transactions. Despite the slowing economy, recent years have seen a large increase in Internet usage by corporations, and research indicates that this trend will likely continue. Figures gathered by eMarketeer indicate that Internet based commerce will reach as high as $2.4 trillion by 2004 (B2B). With easy access to information from anywhere on the globe, safeguards must be taken to protect sensitive data from falling into the wrong hands. These measures include passwords, protected networks, and secure connections. While much has been accomplished in the area of network security, data encryption remains the most fundamental layer of protection. The goal of data encryption (or cryptography) is to render information unreadable to all except an authorized user (one who knows the password, also called the key). While there are many encryption algorithms and techniques, most involve the use of a "private key" which is the mathematical value that decodes the information. Without the key, a hacker has a chance of one in several trillion to correctly decode the information, making encryption a very effective method of data protection. While encryption fills a critical role in personal and corporate security, the technology can also be used by criminal and terrorist organizations. The same systems that protect your credit card number online can also be used to organize covert operations in safety.... ... Wired News. March 31, 2002 <http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,46816,00.html>. McCullagh, Declan. Senator Backs Off Backdoors. October 17, 2001. Wired News. March 31, 2002 <http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,47635,00.html>. Quotations. n.d. FreedomWriter.com. March 31, 2002 <http://www.freedomwriter.com /quotes.htm>. Schwartz, John. "Disputes on Electronic Message Encryption Take On New Urgency." September 25, 2001. The New York Times Company. February 28, 2002 <http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/25/technology/25CODE.html?pagewanted=print>. U.S. Encryption Policy. February 28, 2002. Center for Democracy and Technology. February 28, 2002 <http://www.cdt.org/crypto/admin/>. U.S. Policy on Encryption Should Protect Our Right to Privacy. n.d. Americans for Computer Privacy. February 28, 2002 <http://www.computerprivacy.org/about/>.

Patellar Tendinopathy Cause And Management Health And Social Care Essay

Patellar tendinopathy is considered to be the devolution of the kneecap sinew from overexploitation. It is more prevailing in activities that involve vigorous jumping and landing motions which produce the greatest sum of emphasis on the patellar sinew. Due to the increasing figure of showing instances of PT, it is necessary for clinicians to understand the pathophysiology of the status in comparing to the normal construction of the patellar sinew, the biomechanical factors act uponing the burden forces on the sinew and accordingly how to name and handle PT, as discussed in this paper. From our research it is clear that concrete grounds in footings of the predominating mechanism of hurt and most efficient intervention is still missing, and farther surveies in this country are required.IntroductionPatellar tendinopathy, frequently referred to as Jumper ‘s Knee, is a common hurt suffered by many jocks. It is considered to be a consequence of inordinate exposure to vigorous jumping and set downing force, hence its prevalence across athleticss such as volleyball, hoops and high leap. The patellar sinew is a continuance of the four quadriceps sinews and assists the extensor mechanism of the articulatio genus. The tight agreement of collagen fibers within the sinew can be capable to microtrauma due to overdrive. Because of the sinew ‘s decreased capableness to mend itself, the micro-traumas finally consequence in tendinopathy. Extrinsic and intrinsic biomechanical factors can act upon the burden forces that the sinew is capable to and can hence be considered lending factors to patellar tendinopathy. Clinically, the hurt can be diagnosed by the patient sing hurting on tactual exploration to the country and medically through the usage of imaging devices such as a MRI. The direction of patellar tendinopathy can either be conservative or surgical, with the recommendation being the usage of conservative steps for at least six months before surgery is considered . Due to the lifting Numberss of patellar tendinopathy amongst jocks and active persons, it is of import for clinicians to understand the mechanisms of the hurt and the intervention it requires.THE PREVELANCE OF PATELLAR TENDINOPATHYPatellar tendinopathy is a common hurt suffered by many persons in today ‘s society. A recent survey found that 14.2 % of jocks suffer patellar sinew hurting to some grade ( Lian et Al, 2005 ) . It is more prevailing in athleticss which require vigorous jumping and set downing techniques such as volleyball, high leap, hoops and activities affecting sudden alterations in way and speed. Another survey found that 44.6 % of male volleyball participants and 31.9 % of male hoops participants had clinical marks of patellar tendinopathy bespeaking the huge figure of jocks affected by the status ( Lian et Al, 2005 ) . In add-on, patellar tendinopathy is more common in males ( 13.5 % ) than females ( 5.6 % ) ( Lian et Al, 2005 ) . This gender difference has been attributed to the fact that work forces are able to bring forth more power and patellar torsion than adult females and are hence, subjected to greater land reaction forces ( Bisseling et al, 2007 ) . In old times, patellar tendinopathy has been associated entirely with grownup jocks. However, recent surveies have besides shown that the status is prevailing in junior jocks as good ( Brukner & A ; Khan, 2009 ) . Furthermore, patellar tendinopathy must non be isolated to the featuring universe as persons who participate in sudden alterations in activity and who are unaccustomed to such signifiers of exercising have besides presented with the status ( REFERENCE ) . Whilst the statistics mentioned above are comparative to their single surveies, their corporate consequences indicate a rise in the prevalence of patellar tendinopathy. The cause of this tendency is non known nevertheless research has suggested that the addition in developing frequence and strength, old ages of drama and the importance placed upon athletic public presentation in today ‘s society has contributed to the addition in physical strain and sensitivity to hurts such as patellar tendinopathy ( Hale, 2005 ) .THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PATELLAR TENDINOPATHYTendinosis describes the pathology of tendon devolution and a failed healing response ( Tan & A ; Chan, 2008 ) . At the point where repeating, microlesion-causing harm to the sinew is greater than the sinew ‘s capablenesss to mend it, microtrauma occurs. The sinew ‘s unequal ability to mend this microtrauma will ensue in tenocyte decease, with an increased decrease in reparative capacity and associated sensitivity to farther hurt. The terminal consequence is the formation of a tendinosis zone within the sinew ( i.e. patellar tendinopathy ) ( Peers & A ; Lysens, 2005 ) . Macroscopically, patellar tendinopathy contains soft, amber, disorganized tissue, different to the expected white and glittering tissue ( Hale, 2005 ) . Tendon s are typically structured in tightly bundled parallel collagen fibers, nevertheless, this is lost in patellar tendinopathy, where the collagen fibers are separated by increased land substance and look disorganised and loose ( Hale, 2005 ) . Peers & A ; Lysens ( 2005 ) province that the features of collagen devolution ( this degenerated collagen is replaced with necrotic tissue ) and fibrosis are common findings among surveies on patellar tendinopathy. Blood vass in the sinew are usually aligned analogue, nevertheless, the vass in tendinosis are indiscriminately oriented and most normally perpendicular. Vascular proliferation is besides normally seen in this hurt ( Hale, 2005 ) . Other features found in the pathophysiology of patellar tendinopathy include an addition in the glycosaminoglycan content of the sinew and the unnatural addition in the figure of fibroblasts. This hypercellularity of fibroblasts and cell proliferation happening at the joint indicates that patellar tendinopa thy is an on-going disease procedure ( Hale, 2005 ) . Inflammatory cells are absent in this upset, demoing that patellar tendinopathy is a non-inflammatory degenerative disease ( Hale, 2005 ) .THE BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PATELLAR TENDINOPATHYAs patellar tendinopathy is a consequence of the devolution of the patellar sinew from inordinate and insistent land reaction forces, biomechanical factors can lend to the hurt. Abnormal extrinsic and intrinsic factors can impact the soaking up and transmittal of land reaction forces, which predispose the sinew to greater emphasis and therefore debasement. The greatest sum of emphasis occurs ( during jumping and landing? ) therefore the biomechanical factors during these motions are of high significance. ( REFERENCE? ) Intrinsic Biomechanical Factors The stiffness of the leg upon set downing Upon landing, the articulatio genuss bend to assist absorb the land reaction forces transmitted up the lower limb. A survey has shown that about 40 % of the landing burden is conveying proximately ( transmitted proximally? ) , foregrounding the importance of right pes, mortise joint and calf ( lower leg? ) biomechanics in order to cut down the burden on the patellar sinew ( Brukner & A ; Khan, 2009 ) . It has been shown that stiffer set downing techniques, by persons avoiding set downing burden, capable the patellar sinew to higher strain ( Bisseling et al, 2007 ) . The stiffness of the leg inhibits the daze soaking up mechanism of the quadriceps hence more ground reaction force is transmitted upwards towards the articulatio genus. Forefoot positioning on landing The optimum landing technique is one which reduces the sum of perpendicular land reaction force transmitted upwards. Evidence suggests that forefoot landing can cut down land reaction forces by 25 % if combined with hip or knee flexure ( Brukner & A ; Khan, 2009 ) . Therefore, set downing level footed increases the sum of land reaction force applied to the organic structure and familial upwards towards the articulatio genus, finally seting more emphasis on the patellar sinew. Muscle failing Failing of the gluteal, quadriceps and calf musculuss contribute to altered biomechanics of the patellar sinew ( Brukner & A ; Khan, 2009 ) . Diminished map of these musculus groups alter the daze soaking up of the land reaction force, weariness and alter motion forms ( Brukner & A ; Khan, 2009 ) . Each of these factors will act upon the sum of emphasis applied to the kneecap sinew. Pronation Initially it was thought that inordinate, drawn-out and/or late pronation altered the biomechanics of the kneecap sinew ( Ellenbecker, 2000 ) . However, more recent surveies have shown that it is the speed of pronation that alters the burden on the patellar sinew ( Grau et al, 2008 ) . This is due to the fact that an increased pronation speed causes earlier maximum tibial rotary motion, impacting the transmittal of forces towards the patellar sinew ( Grau et al, 2008 ) . Mal- alliance and mal-tracking of the kneecap Whilst the mal-alignment and mal-tracking of the kneecap is more normally associated with Patella Femoral Pain Syndrome, it can besides hold secondary effects on the patellar sinew. The high speed alteration in the line of pull of the sinew during lading and droping motions can change the forces moving upon the sinew ( Ellenbecker, 2000 ) . Extrinsic Biomechanical Factors Research has suggests that extrinsic factors act uponing patellar tendinopathy include playing surface, frequence of preparation and type of shoe ( Hale, 2005 ) . For illustration, a survey conducted on volleyball participants found that 37.5 % of those playing on cement surfaces developed patellar tendinopathy in comparing to the 4.7 % of those playing on parquet surfaces ( Hale, 2005 ) . It has besides been argued that as athletics alterations, and athletic public presentation becomes more of import, tendencies which increase the sum of strain on kneecap sinews have been established ( Hale, 2005 ) . Clinicians must recognize that any changes to intrinsic or extrinsic factors can act upon the burden upon the patellar sinew and contribute to patellar tendinopathyMANAGEMENT OF PATELLAR TENDINOPATHYPatellar tendinopathy is ab initio managed cautiously with the immediate intervention affecting abstention from activities which may worsen the status, ice, galvanism, massage, taping, anti-inflammatory medicine ( e.g. NSAIDs ) , or corticosteroid injections ( Bahr, 2006 ) . Improvements such as recovering strength, diminishing the thickness of the sinew and the standardization of the construction of the sinew can be seen after a sufficient and extended bizarre preparation plan ( Tan & A ; Chan, 2008 ) . Bizarre preparation is a low-risk and cheap option, and should be the first option tried before sing surgery ( Bahr, 2006 ) . Cook ( as cited in Peers, 2005 ) has developed a list of exercising rules to utilize as purposes when pull offing patellar tendinosis which include: Bettering musculotendinous map by integrating bizarre and plyometric exercisings Bettering the shock-absorbing capacity of the limb by beef uping the complete closed kinetic concatenation Retraining motor forms Keeping fittingness Stretching of hamstrings and calf muscular structure Continuing exercisings over six months Cook ( as cited in Peers, 2005 ) besides developed guidelines for an bizarre patellar sinew preparation programme: Use diminution knee bends, incorporated in complete sport-specific rehabilitation Exercise daily, one time or twice Exercise for at least 12 hebdomads Start at three sets of 10-15 reps Pain during exercising can be tolerated – increased pain the following twenty-four hours is non allowed When exercises become less painful, get down constructing up by increasing the figure of repeats, increasing the velocity of the motion, and adding burden. Orthotics may be used as a signifier of intervention and direction for patellar tendinosis as they have the ability to alter the biomechanics of the pes and the mortise joint, which may be a conducive factor to the hurt ( Tan & A ; Chan, 2008 ) . Using ice to the country can hold a pain-relieving consequence, cut down the metabolic rate of sinews and diminish the extravasations of blood and proteins from the new vass formed in the injured sinew ( Tan & A ; Chan, 2008 ) . There are several surgical processs that can be used on patellar tendinopathy patients. It is by and large recommended that the patient should be sing patellar tendinopathy symptoms and functional damage for at least six months after get downing conservative intervention before they consider surgery ( Peers & A ; Lysens, 2005 ) . There is a assortment of options for surgical direction, with some processs taking to take the degenerative tissue or interrupt the sinew or the tibial tubercle ( attachment site ) in order to originate redness and healing ( Hale, 2005 ) . Others involve surgical debridement of the sinew, in which the degenerative tissue is removed ( Hale, 2005 ) . Some of the methods include unfastened tenotomy with deletion of macroscopic necrotic country, arthroscopic patellar tenotomy, drilling/resection of the inferior pole of the patellar, resection of the tibial fond regard with realignment/quadriceps bone-tendon transplant, longitudinal tenotomy, transdermal longitud inal tenotomy and transdermal needling ( Peers & A ; Lysens, 2005 ) .DecisionPatellar tendinopathy is a turning job amongst today ‘s jocks and active persons. For this ground, it is imperative that a sound clinical apprehension of the pathophysiological alterations, lending biomechanical factors, methods of diagnosing and intervention options, is obtained. In visible radiation of this, it is of import that farther surveies are conducted into the direct mechanisms of hurt and the optimum direction of the status so that clinicians can be more efficient in their intervention of the status and bring forth more optimum results for their patients with patellar tendinopathy.

History of Coca-Cola essays

History of Coca-Cola essays Id like to talk today about the history of Coca-Cola. Ive divided my talk into three main parts: The period before WW the inter-war period and the period from WW2 to our days. Lets start with the period From 1886 to 1914. Pharmacist Dr. John Slyth Pemberton invented the first recipe of Coca-Cola in the spring of 1986 in Atlanta. Dr. Pemberton used African Kola Nut extract and coca leaves, which are both strong stimulants, in his potion. The product was sold as syrup that would help people feel better. One tea spoon had to be diluted in one glass of water. In 1887, Pemberton found out that carbonated water was tastier than plain water. The coca-cola beverage as we know it today was born. Coca-Cola was named by Frank Robinson, one of Pemberton's close friends, from the names of its two basic ingredients. He also penned the famous Coca-Cola logo in unique script. During the summer of 1887, Pemberton was forced to sell his license because he was in poor health and covered in debt. Asa Candler, pharmacist and friend of Pemberton, was interested in the product after having used it successfully for his headaches. Candler became the leader of the company in the summer of 1888. In 1891, Candler created the Coca-Cola Company. Five years later, Candler could already announce that Coca-Cola was drunk in all states and territories of the USA. From 1901 to 1910, sales progressed from 4000l. a day to 40 000 l a day in 1910. From the start coca-cola invested a lot in advertising. Because of its success, coca-cola became the target of plenty of imitators. Lawyers of the coca-cola company prosecuted brands as Koke company, Karo-Cola, Curo-Cola, Sola-Cola, Koka-nola and Taka-Cola. From the beginning, the sales of coca-cola increased continuously. But in 1917 production of the syrup had to be decreased because of the restrictions on raw materials as sugar due to the entry of the USA in the wa...

Dorothy Parker Quotes

Dorothy Parker Quotes Dorothy Parker was a writer and critic for such magazines as Vogue, Vanity Fair, and the New Yorker. She also wrote a number of screenplays, poetry, and short fiction. A founder of the Algonquin Round Table, she was known for her pointed verbal wit and satire, often focused on the life of middle class young women, newly liberated from Victorian restrictions. Selected Dorothy Parker Quotations Im never going to be famous. I dont do anything, not one single thing. I used to bite my nails, but I dont even do that anymore.I dont care what is written about me so long as it isnt true.Wit has truth in it; wisecracking is simply calisthenics with words.Oh, I said it, alright. You know how it is. A joke. When people expect you to say things, you say things. Isnt that the way it is?I know that there are things that never have been funny, and never will be. And I know that ridicule may be a shield, but it is not a weapon.You cant teach an old dogma new tricks.Women and elephants never forget.I might repeat to myself slowly and soothingly, a list of quotations beautiful from minds profound- if I can remember any of the damn things.I havent got a visual mind. I hear things.Men seldom make passes at girls who wear glasses.Four be the things Id have been better without:  Love, curiosity, freckles, and doubt.A girls best friend is her mutter.I require only three things of a man. He mus t be handsome, ruthless, and stupid. Take care of luxuries and the necessities will take care of themselves.Salary is no object; I want only enough to keep body and soul apart.Money cannot buy health, but Id settle for a diamond-studded wheelchair.As I was saying to the landlord only this morning: You cant have everything.The two most beautiful words in the English language are cheque enclosed.As far as I am concerned, the most beautiful word in the English language is cellar-door.If you want to know what God thinks of money, just look at the people he gave it to.The cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no cure for curiosity.Inertia rides and riddles me; /  The which is called Philosophy.The best way to keep children home is to make the home atmosphere pleasant- and let the air out of the tires.Now, look, baby, Union is spelled with 5 letters. It is not a four-letter word.It serves me right for keeping all my eggs in one bastard.All I need is room enough to lay a hat and a few friends. Heterosexuality is not normal, its just common.Scratch a lover, and find a foe.Scratch an actor and find an actress.Men dont like nobility in woman. Not any men. I suppose it is because the men like to have the copyrights on nobility- if there is going to be anything like that in a relationship.That woman speaks eighteen languages, and cant say no in any of them.People are more fun than anybody.I like to have a martini,Two at the very most.After three Im under the table,after four Im under my host.Did I enjoy the party? One more drink and Id have been under the host.Id rather have a bottle in front of me, than a frontal lobotomy.You can lead a horticulture, but you cant make her think.Ducking for apples- change one letter and its the story of my life.Brevity is the soul of lingerie.This is not a novel to be tossed aside lightly. It should be thrown with great force.She runs the gamut of emotions from A to B.The only -ism Hollywood believes in is plagiarism. If all the young ladies who attended the Yale prom were laid end to end, no one would be the least surprised.As only New Yorkers know, if you can get through the twilight, youll live through the night.He (Robert Benchley) and I had an office so tiny that an inch smaller and it would have been adultery.Misfortune, and recited misfortune especially, may be prolonged to that point where it ceases to excite pity and arouses only irritation.Constant use had not worn ragged the fabric of their friendship.Brendan Gill, in introducing  The Portable Dorothy Parker:  The span of her work is narrow, and what it embraces is often slight.To a man she found annoying:  With the crown of thorns I wear, why should I worry about a little prick like you?About being refused admittance to a casino in Monte Carlo in 1926 because she did not have stockings on:  So I went and found my stockings and then came back and lost my shirt.When being questioned by the FBI, 1952: Listen, I cant even get my do g to stay down. Do I look like someone who could overthrow the government? When asked whether she was Dorothy Parker:  Yes, do you mind?Summer makes me drowsy.Autumn makes me sing.Winters pretty lousy,But I hate Spring.Razors pain you; Rivers are damp;Acids stain you; And drugs cause cramp.Guns arent lawful; Nooses give;Gas smells awful; You might as well live.Oh, both my shoes are shiny new /  And pristine is my hatOh, life is a glorious cycle of song,A medley of extemporanea;And love is a thing that can never go wrong;And I am Marie of Romania.The pure and worthy Mrs. StoweIs one we all are proud to knowAs mother, wife, and authoress- Thank God, I am content with less!After the death of her husband a conversation with a neighbor:Neighbor:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Is there anything I can do?†D.P.: â€Å"Yes, get me another husband.†Neighbor:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dottie, thats a terrible thing to say!†D.P. â€Å"All right, get me a ham and cheese on rye.†That would be a good thing for them to cut on my tombstone: Wherever she went, including here, it wa s against her better judgment.I like to think of my shining tombstone. It gives me, as you might say, something to live for. To Lillian Hellman, her executor, a few days before dying:  Lilly, promise me that my gravestone will carry only these words: If you can read this, youre too close. About These Quotes: Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

Heimlich Maneuver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Heimlich Maneuver - Essay Example A rescuer should apply Heimlich maneuver only when he notices that the choking person is not able to talk or cough, is holding on to his throat which could signal difficulty in breathing or when the victim’s lips turn blue indicating that he is unable to breathe. As a general rule, one has to contact 911 before the emergency method is given just in case further treatment is needed. After observing any of the aforementioned signs, explain to the victim that you are going to help him clear his airway by applying the Heimlich maneuver. The rescuer then helps the victim on his feet and move behind him making a fist with one hand and placing it on the victim’s belly button and anchoring it with the other hand. He should make five quick upward thrusts, in a J-like movement to allow air to push the obstruction from the airway. Check to see if the obstruction is dislodged, if not, repeat the process. When the victim coughs, stop the procedure because this would indicate that the victim is able to breathe. In case the blockage is not removed and the victim losses consciousness, help the victim down to the floor carefully and let him lie down on prone position, that is, his back on the floor. The rescuer should continue to attempt dislodging the obstruction until professional help arrives. He should let air move up to the victim’s windpipe to get the foreign object out of the airway.

Economics Extanded Essay, Coursework for the IB Essay

Economics Extanded , Coursework for the IB - Essay Example Irrespective of the product or service that is being studied; it is apparent that all of a sudden the information flow has become more rapid, regulatory structures more oriented to free market structures and the movement of capital and permission to access local markets freer. This has prompted national businesses to target global businesses and the global businesses to target national markets. However lumpiness in the control of market shares is seen as yet which has tended to be diluted monopoly or monopolistic controls of the past and the structures have tended to turn, in general, to oligopolistic structures. Banking industry is no exception. Main features of banking industry, irrespective of jurisdiction have been a long standing history of business, ready demands for its products and services (baring economic downturns) and specific protection enjoyed from the national governments It has experienced a more benign and structured capital adequacy regimes in the form of Basle I an d now Basle II apart from a host of other suggestive and market discipline based stipulations. Fact remains that banks enable target customers to do the essential functions of saving, investing and storing money or money equivalents and therefore banks tend to have a loyal and core segment of consumers on most jurisdictions where they have chosen to operate. Spanish banks are no exception. This has spurred market control strategies from the banks and these strategies coalesce to determine as to what exact form of market does the banking industry of a particular time looks like. Literature has often pointed out to the extent of competition in the banking industry: "Competition has become a recurrent topic in the banking literature. Specifically, during the last decade a great deal of empirical work has attempted to measure the level of competition prevailing in European banking markets. The beginning of the third stage of the Economic and Monetary Union, in January 1999, and the proj ected changeover to the Euro triggered the interest of researchers in this issue" (Rozas, 2007). This paper has the objective of examining the Spanish banking industry and to ascertain, if over the years, such an industry has come to acquire the market form of an oligopoly. This done through an in depth literature review where major arguments are sourced and analyzed and conclusion arrived ,on the basis of such an analysis, if the present day Spanish banking industry resembles a oligopolistic structure. Research Methodology Competition studies in banking industry of various jurisdictions is a very well thought out and researched topic and the literature in this area is rich with several aspects being already examined through deep empirical and theoretical research. Literature also has in store several models of depicting the shape and structure of the markets in which banking industry of a particular jurisdiction finds itself apart from listing and analysis of the various important factors that have caused the present

Helth, Safety and Environment in the Petroleum Industry Research Paper

Helth, Safety and Environment in the Petroleum Industry - Research Paper Example Contextually, petroleum organisations are currently learnt as well aware about its importance for economic developments as well as the requirements for reduction of environmental and safety risks in the workplace through numerous measures. Acknowledging, understanding and implying appropriate measures of those risks in timely manner are also crucial for petroleum organisations in order to ensure safety of the employees and the community members. By promoting training facilities as well, petroleum organisations can enhance the knowledge of staffs about better and efficient utilisation of the equipments and tools. The experience of staffs about various good practices in the workplace can also be quite beneficial for ensuring safety and avoiding accidents to a larger extent. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Overview of Petroleum Industry 5 Health, Safety and Environment in Petroleum Industry 6 Health Issues in Petroleum Industry 7 Safety Issues in Petroleum Industry 8 Environ mental Issues of Petroleum Industry 9 Major Contributions of Oil and Gas Industry toward Heath, Safety and Environment 9 Recommendations 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction In petroleum industry maintaining a healthy and safe environment is regarded to be quite essential, not only because of intrinsic protection risks but also due to absolute quarantine of hazardous materials associated in every oil and gas organization. Since petroleum industry is experiencing a rapid development within the context of current phenomenon, it is quite likely to face possible health and safety problems along with environmental risks in upcoming days owing to its expansion, both in terms of production and organisational size (Petroleum Exploration and Production Association of New Zealand, 2011). Considering these aspects, the discussion will concentrate on health, safety and environmental issues associated with the petroleum industry. Thereby, the objective of the discussion will be to apprais e different articles and literatures from a generalized perspective illustrating the requirement of safety performances in the oil and gas sector. The discussion will also consider different factors causing such risks to recommend on the safe operations of equipment and tools utilized in the petroleum industry internationally. Overview of Petroleum Industry Petroleum industry is often considered to be one of major sources for income generation that in turn attempts to render greater support for enhancing the economic condition of a nation. In the international context, petroleum industry represents a significant percentage of the aggregate power consumption. For instance, in the year 1995, the petroleum industry accounted for the consumption of almost 63% of global power supply in comparison to coal mining, nuclear energy and hydroelectric energy which represented only 27%, 7% and 3% respectively of worldwide energy generation (International Association of Oil & Gas Products, 1997). Consequently, after the increase in global economic prosperity, the world’s demand for oil consumption has been augmenting with rapidity. For instance, in the year 2002, the international usage of oil and gas amounted to almost 220 cubic feet a day which is further expected to increase rapidly in the near future.

Physics, Roller Coasters Essay Example for Free

Physics, Roller Coasters Essay Roller coasters Additional notes: GPE = m x g x h KE = m x v? The main energy transfers that happen as a car travels along the track from the start of the ride to the end: [1]The rollercoaster car gains gravitational potential energy (GPE) as it travels to the top. Once over the top, the car gains speed as GPE is transferred to kinetic energy (KE). As it travels to the top of another loop, KE is transferred to GPE. Not all the energy is transferred to or from GPE – some is transferred to the surroundings as heat and sound. All moving objects have kinetic energy, KE. The kinetic energy an object has depends on the mass and speed. If the mass doubles, the KE doubles and if the speed doubles, the KE quadruples. Normally energy is lost through sound and heat (friction, air resistance). How the heights of the hills are designed to allow an empty car to reach the end of the ride: [2]The hills are designed so that it is low enough that the momentum of the car from the previous drop carries it up and over the hill. This is why the hills are usually lower towards the end of the ride, because the car has lost momentum due to friction and air resistance. Mainly the consecutive hill must be lower as it will not have enough energy because some of it is lost and sound and heat. Therefore, if the car was to reach the end of the ride, the height of the hills must be lower each consecutive time. How the energy transfers determine the heights of the hills: [4] After the roller coaster is drops from the first hill it does two things with its energy. First, it begins to transform that energy from one form to anotherfrom gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy and from kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy, back and forth. Second, it begins to transfer some of its energy to its environment, mostly in the form of heat and sound. Each time the roller coaster goes downhill, its gravitational potential energy decreases and its kinetic energy increases. Each time the roller coaster goes uphill, its kinetic energy decreases and its gravitational potential energy increases. But each transfer of energy isnt complete because some of the energy is lost to heat and sound. Because of this lost energy, the roller coaster cant return to its original height after coasting downhill. Thats why each successive hill must be lower than the previous hill. Eventually the roller coaster has lost so much of its original total energy that the ride must end. With so little total energy left, the roller coaster cant have much gravitational potential energy and must be much lower than the top of the first hill. This is why the hills must be a certain height, in order to transfer enough GPE into KE. Bibliography: [1] http://www. bbc. co. uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_gateway/forces/themeridesrev2. shtml [2] http://science. howstuffworks. com/engineering/structural/roller-coaster3. htm [3] http://www. coasterforce. com/coasters/technical-info/physics-of-a-coaster [4] http://library. thinkquest. org/26455/amuse/roller/roller01. shtml [5] Collins Additional Sciences B ISBN-13 978-0-00-741531-1 Colin Bell, 2011

Perceptions of health, disability, illness and behaviour

Perceptions of health, disability, illness and behaviour PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH, DISABILITY, ILLNESS AND BEHAVIOUR How health and social care users relate to the concepts of impairment and challenging behaviours Users of health and social care are usually in need of social care depending on the nature and intensity of their illness. Disabled individuals like Mr. Holland Park are why the importance of the underlying relationships between health, disability and illnesses must be understood and further develop strategies that will ensure better quality of life for him and other users alike. Severe medical conditions can result in limited access to proper healthcare; even as many in the general public have the misconception about how healthcare is received by individuals with disabilities. Recent laws and policies by the government like the Disability Discrimination Act, which covers all community health care services and hospitals compels service providers to make specific adjustments to healthcare practices, and also to ascertain the practicality of these adjustments is directed towards users with specific needs as is the case with Mr. Holland Park. Impact of past and present policies and legislations on available healthcare services Mr. Holland Park is currently a member of a family that cares for him for very much hence it is typical for other members of his family to worry about his wellbeing in any care home he lives in. In the past, legislations and social policies are developed in general terms that encompasses every health and social sector with policies affecting the general public and everyone residing within the United Kingdom. However, changes that been made over the years to suit specific aspects of the community, and precise laws are developed and others redefined to guarantee that every individual regardless of their medical condition, race, social class, religion or ethnicity receives the best care available. Mr. Holland Park is over a certain age and may be worried about being subjected to any kind of abuse or neglect due to his health. This is because the society may sometimes be unwelcoming to behaviours exhibited by individuals with certain illness, as some exhibit behaviours that may view as strange and unusual. This is why the legislations are defined in such a way that people, especially workers of care homes must abandon the general negative perceptions about disabled users, and commit only to the provision of suitable and adequate health care services to such individuals. The family of Mr. Holland Park will have nothing to worry about as every kind of misconception about any kind of illness will be overlooked and the best care made available for him in this care home or whichever one as the policies are well monitored and regular unannounced checks are done to certify adherence to these legislations. The promotion and protection of disability rights has been improved majorly in the United Kingdom, making the United Kingdom a pioneer in liaison of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Policies and Legislation in recent years Under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA 1995), it is a violation of law to discriminate against disabled people in areas of including provision of services, employment, goods or facilities. Hence making it an obligation for service providers to ensure sensible modifications are made to engage disabled individuals in using their services. Consequent modifications were made via derivative legislations like Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Amendment) Regulations 2003 through principal legislation like the Disability Discrimination Act 2005 and Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001. These acts made provision for a Disability Equality Duty making it a responsibility for public authorities to take passive roles in the promotion of fairness in treatment of disabled people. The Human Rights Act 1998 calls for the need for every public authority to operate in a way which is attuned with the rights put in place in the European Convention on Human Rights. Should public authorities fall short, affected individuals and their families are permitted to seek a judicial remedy. Public authorities include central social and health care homes, National Health Service (NHS) and their trusts, Government, and most providers of public services. In recent times, there is a more direct approach to the UK anti-discrimination legislation via the Equality Act 2010 which annulled and replaced the DDA in Great Britain alone. This Act not only encompasses the protection of disabled individuals from any kind of segregation, but also applied modifications to certain responsibilities of the public authorities regarding the participation of disabled individuals in policy decisions. The Equality 2025 was created in 2006 as a government has a themed goal ‘Improving the Life Chances of Disabled People’ with a year 2025 target for disabled individual living in Britain to the treated as equal members of the society and have full access to develop their quality of life. It is particularly designed to assist disabled people attain independent living by moving gradually towards individual budgets that will bring together various services they will be entitled to and giving them various choices over diverse support from either direct provision of services and/or money. HOW HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SERVICES SUPPORT INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS Available care needs for Mr. Holland Park Mr. Holland Park being an elderly man in the early stages of dementia and additional visual and hearing disabilities means he will be needing special attention as his behaviours might sometimes be queer, and at other serious times sporadic and violent. The care home will be focused on providing assistance that will uphold his independence and therefore enable his stability whilst receiving dependable services that will suit his individual needs. Provision of audio-visual equipment will assist Mr. Holland Park to make the best of his little sight. This will be after a proper assessment has been carried out by professionals to determine the seriousness of his blindness. As he is also hearing impaired, it will be best to make sure that he moves around the care home safely by having rotational care staff check on his whereabouts on a regular basis and a log kept to this effect. Also, he will need to participate in regular activities to keep him in good spirit. Being partially deaf-blind can be challenging for Mr. Holland Park as he may sometimes feel less capable, it is the duty of our care home to ensure that he feels less challenged by engaging him in peer group activities that involves other service users. This way, he feels more active and energetic and he can take his mind off any heavy thought of being a burden to others. The most important factor to providing the best care services to Mr. Holland Park is that the care staffs will never regard his challenging behaviours as a form of challenge, but will work towards providing him with a comfortable lifestyle by ensuring his hygiene is well taken care of. Also, his laundry will be done for him and meals and drinks will be prepared as he wants it on a timely basis and he will have a variety of menu of choose from. Should he be entitled to any benefits, we will make it our duty to assist him in claiming these benefits for him and the family and provide any necessary references or letters to state that he is under our care. Available local services to support Mr. Holland Park and his family Disabled individuals like Mr. Holland Park with dementia care are eligible for Special Rehabilitation Services that are provided by Disability Service Teams via direct referrals from health care providers. He and his family will benefit from this service as it will help to develop his independence and quality of life. A register for blind and partially blind are kept by the local authority, for provision of further assistance with the Eye Care Trust, and Mr. Holland Park is entitled to receive subsidised and mostly free consultation and treatment, and extra support should he choose to register. The Alzheimer’s Society is an organisation that assists individuals with dementia (as is the case with Mr. Holland Park) and is supported by the National Health Service (NHS) and Community Care 1990, to assess his needs and provide certain services as required. His family will benefit from subsequent aids and care that will not affect their budget heavily. Powers of Attorney It is possible sometime in the future when Mr. Holland Park’s symptoms become very serious and he is unable to decide on his finances or medical treatment. It is best to make arrangements for this by drawing up different Lasting Powers of Attorney- the first to take care of financial decisions and the other to handle health and welfare decisions. Mr. Holland Park will need to appoint a trusted member of the family to act on his behalf should his disability get to this extent. You can find out more information about this, you can call AGE UK or Carers Direct. APPROACHES AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS Intervention strategies for Mr. Holland Park who is the early stages of dementia focuses primarily on tackling the cognitive symptoms that can lead to erratic behaviours. The effectiveness of these interventions will help to enhance his individual functioning and reduce stress, depression or agitation which is common in individuals experiencing disability. The best therapy applied to Mr. Holland Park and other service users alike was to promote his independence and this boosted his confidence and willingness not just to survive but to live an active daily life and make the best of his body. The promotion of independence will delay or change the later stages of dementia which is usually much harder to manage. Independence in Mr. Holland Park was encouraged by engaging him in reasonable activities up to any level he can tolerate. Also, a balance of maintained for him across personal care and productive leisure, while monitoring his tolerance level. Potential impact of emerging developments on service users with specific needs It is critical to access the needs and strengths of service users with specific needs to determine the effectiveness of interventions implemented. The best strategies are accessed through initial stages and the environment was considered to determine the continuity and they include: Effective communication: Communication strategies applied involved using non-verbal cues and language and sentence structure to integrate high level of individual comprehension and enhanced sensory abilities. Effective communication is essential to the provision of high value health and social care. Without it there cannot be a significant coordination amongst service users and carers. Poor communication is frequently a considerable causative reason for complaint against Health and Social Care organisations and is the basis of numerous depressing user experiences. Involvement of individuals with challenging behaviours and their carers in the planning, delivery and monitoring of services ascertains that the care and support received meets their desires and objectives. Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Skills Training: ADL involved accessing users’ abilities, impairments and task performance to understand the psychological factors inhibiting their capabilities. Skills training are carefully assessed during activities that focus on empowering users to independently carry out ADL tasks. During the programmes, users are required to complete individual tasks with minimal assistance. Minimal assistance provided include: visual gestures, facial expressions, physical direction and partial physical assistance. The potential impact of the development of these strategies is the provision of vital support to effective improvement in health of service users, especially disabled users. There is improved strength through empowerment of independence and mobility and increased endurance levels. Also the physical performance of the users is improved significantly. Another essential benefit of these support systems is the maintenance of functional capabilities of users with physical or communication impairments. STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH CHALLENGING BEHAVIOURS Concepts of challenging behaviours The relationship that exists between challenging behaviours is mostly viewed as a disorder of some form. There is no such thing as an analytical meaning for challenging behaviour but it can be categorized in various forms including psychological disorder, learning disability, mental illness and many others. A functional disorder of some form generalises the concept of challenging behaviours but will never fully define it. Challenging behaviour is an expressive concept, which is mainly socially created, and its definition is dependent on changes in social norms and provision of service cross geological areas. The expression itself carries no analytical meaning, and no presumption about the aetiology of the behaviour is made. Challenging behaviour may not relate to psychiatric disorder, but can also be a major or resultant symptom of it. Challenging behaviour is a moderately objective phrase that has apparent phenomenon. However, this is not the case with most mental illnesses, many of which depends on self-report by the individual for proper analysis. The need of an established expression in individuals with challenging behaviours has caused problems concerning suitable expressions. Different terms like: ‘mental disorder’, ‘mental illness’, ‘emotional distress’ have been utilised inter-changeably e.g. ‘mental illness’. Potential impact of challenging behaviours on health and social care organisations Managing the potential impact of challenging behaviours does not lie on one organisation, but rather a collective responsibility of every member of the health and social care system. That is how much impact the challenging behaviours of individuals have affected the health and social sector. This is because different people exhibit various disorders at diverse stages and severity ; hence the effective reason why organisations must work much harder to ensure that every individual is well taken care of regardless of his or her disability. Organisations have been made to build larger and more effective workforce and research on increased skills and improved knowledge have been carried out. Cost impact The continuing occurrence of challenging behaviours in various individuals has had its impact on cost as the weekly care ranges from over  £200 to as much as  £1600 depending on the severity. In other words, the care services offer to individuals is relative to the features of the care settings and the cost implication. It will always cost more to take care of people with severe challenging behaviours and the greater levels implying that organisations will need to increase their budget on regular basis to adapt to new fiscal year. Eventually, these cost implications will mean that larger facilities must be built and the weekly expenses are likely to increase over the years. Strategies for working with challenging behaviours Managing challenging behaviours involves intervention strategies that must recognise and take note of individual’s past and present experiences and must also maintain a standard environment. One of the things that must be noted is that it is inappropriate to label any service user with the term ‘challenging behaviours’ as this is very derogatory and changed the perspective they are related with. Also, the mindset with which they feel about how they fit into the environment is changed should they get used to this label. Intervention strategies Depending on how serious the behavioural problem is, intervention strategies are in different categories: Biological intervention: This deals with analysis of the causes of the particular behaviour. This will mostly require professional assistance in order to source and prescribe proper medication and treatment. Social intervention: This elemental intervention involves encouraging communities to involve disabled people in social activities so as to make them feel welcomed within the society. Counselling: This is usually an intervention suitable for individuals with moderate disability. The counselling will involve different behavioural methods like anger-management and relaxation therapy, for possible effect. There is no clear indication as to whether direct or indirect counselling methods will work with individuals that show high level of challenging behaviours like aggression. Psychotherapy: For over 50 years, psychotherapy has been in practice as a form of management and treatment for people experiencing challenging behaviours. The effectiveness may sometimes vary depending on the level of aggression displayed by the person. There is a surprisingly long history of psychotherapy with Cognitive therapies: This kind of therapy is suitable for people whose behaviours are based on personal experiences. The therapist works on improving the behaviour of the individual by changing his/her insight and perception of life. SELF EVALUATION